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U.S. Department of State Strategic Plan (2000) Released by the Office of Management Policy and Planning U.S. Department of State, October 25, 2000

[ Contents ]

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS STRATEGIC GOALS

NATIONAL INTEREST: NATIONAL SECURITY

GOAL: Prevent regional instabilities from threatening U.S. vital national interests.

The United States shapes the international environment in both peace and war through an integrated mix of force and diplomacy that minimizes threats to regional stability. These threats stem from a broad range of sources, including ethnic and religious conflict, territorial and natural resource disputes, weapons proliferation, transnational threats (i.e., crime, terrorism, and illegal drugs), economic crises, and natural disasters. Left unresolved, such threats can result in the loss of life, regional or global disruption in the flow of goods and services, and the need for protracted US intervention. Effectively employing diplomatic, economic, and military solutions to avert these potential problems is essential. Ensuring we have capable friends and allies with which to work solutions will be critical to our success. Key elements to our strategy will require thoughtful policies to control the flow of conventional weapons, enhance multilateral cooperation, and maintain a forward-deployed military presence.

The Department of State coordinates interagency policy on a full spectrum of political, economic, and national security issues, with particular emphasis on preventative diplomacy via direct mediation, or working through regional or international organizations. State also works to limit conflict by actively working in areas such as arms control, defense trade controls, and conventional weapons proliferation. State implements the diplomatic and foreign affairs activities that put policy into practice, and manages alliance relations and leads US Government responses to overseas crises.

STRATEGIES:

• Tailor the mix of diplomatic activities and use of force to respond to the full range of threats to regional security, focusing on vigorous diplomatic measures to promote non-military resolutions to regional threats.

State provides the diplomatic framework for bilateral contacts on a full range of issues that have an impact on regional security. This includes strengthening political and economic ties, facilitating disputes, assisting in international humanitarian emergencies, and committing US forces - acting unilaterally if necessary. State also facilitates in the settlement of disputes between potential adversaries and coordinates measures, such as sanctions, that are directed at violators of international norms. Regionally based initiatives include support to the Dayton Peace Accords, the Northern Ireland Peace Process, the Stability Pact for the Balkans, the Peru-Ecuador conflict, the Eritrea-Ethiopia conflict, resolution of humanitarian crises in Africa, and multilateral efforts to improve the performance of the Haitian National Police.

Responsible State Department Offices: Regional Bureaus, Functional Bureaus, INR, Overseas Missions

Lead Agencies: State, DoD, Intelligence Community.

• Establish comprehensive control, compliance, verification, and enforcement measures to forestall conventional weapons through regional arms control and confidence and security building measures, reductions in excessive or destabilizing conventional forces, prevention of advanced conventional arms and military technology, and policies to protect sensitive technologies that threaten security and stability.

State leads interagency policy formulation on arms control, confidence-building issues, multilateral export controls and their verification, and the US arms export process. Pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act, State authorizes all US arms transfers to foreign partners. State implements sanctions on countries transferring conventional arms, and leads US participation in the Wassenaar Arrangement, a multilateral regime designed to prevent destabilizing accumulations of conventional arms and dual use goods and technologies through the exercise of effective export controls. State also leads in adapting, implementing, and verifying compliance with the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty. Coordinating with other agencies, State issues munitions licenses pursuant to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, and the Arms Export Control Act. With State's advice, Commerce issues licenses pursuant to the Export Administration Act.

Responsible State Department Offices: PM, AC, NP, VC, INR, Regional Bureaus and Overseas Missions

Lead Agencies: State, DoD, Intelligence Community, Commerce.

• Enlist multilateral organizations to develop regionally acceptable solutions in support of U.S. national interests.

State has the primary responsibility for coordinating international cooperation through multilateral organizations -- such as the UN, NATO, OSCE, OAS, and OAU -- across a broad spectrum of economic, political, and security areas that all impact on regional security. Assistance is provided in several forms including the Enhanced International Peacekeeping Capability that targets select countries involvement is regionally based peacekeeping activities, the African Crisis Response Initiative, and the Partnership for Peace initiative.

Responsible State Department Offices: IO, Regional Bureaus, Functional Bureaus, Overseas Missions

Lead Agencies: State, DoD.

• Develop stable security relationships through robust military-to-military contact, assistance, and training programs, to promote the capabilities of friends and allies to support U.S. forces engaged in advancing national interests.

State has the primary responsibility for security assistance policy and resources, arms transfers, defense trade controls, base access agreements. Under State's policy guidance, DoD administers and manages the implementation of various foreign military assistance programs, as well as the management of its own military assistance activities. Assistance is provided in several forms including the IMET, E-IMET, and FMF programs, as well as regionally based training facilities including the Marshall Center and Argentina's Joint Peacekeeping Operation Training Center.

Responsible State Department Offices: PM, NP, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions

Lead Agencies: State, DoD.

• Use public diplomacy to establish an international consensus for the resolution of threats to regional stability.

State leads interagency process of developing, fusing, and disseminating international public diplomacy initiatives. It also works with Congress to build support for US foreign policy.

Responsible State Department Offices: PA, IIP, ECA, H, Regional Bureaus, Functional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead Agencies: State, DoD.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Diplomatic engagement, backed by possible use of force, can help induce potentially hostile states to modify their policies; it will have less influence on non-state actors.
• Capable international organizations and regional coalitions are likely to have greater success fostering resolutions to regional and transnational problems than will the US if it acts unilaterally.
• States will participate in multilateral conventional weapons export control regimes. Key supplier states inside the regimes will uphold nonproliferation norms despite challenges from commercial and arms trade interests. Non-member suppliers of advanced conventional weapons and technologies (China, North Korea, Pakistan, and India) will resist more comprehensive, responsible controls.
• The intelligence community will be a valuable resource in providing advance warning of regional problems. It will also play a key role in monitoring conventional arms control and nonproliferation agreements.
• Achieving our goals with regard to economic prosperity, the environment, human rights, and the rule of law will contribute to regional stability and security.
• Prompt, well-defined, organized responses to regional situations will ensure US leadership, and will help deter the outbreak of problems in the future.

INDICATORS:

• The percentage of new or improved arms control and nonproliferation agreements that have been successfully established/approved, such as tighter restrictions in the Wassenaar Arrangement or other regimes on exports of advanced conventional weapons to countries of concern.
• The percentage of regional weapons proliferation compliance and verification visits deemed successful.
• Decreased levels of conventional forces and military activities in regions where arms control or CSBMs apply.
• Rate at which states of concern acquire advanced conventional weapons.
• Level of support for US regional security policies among international organizations and governments as shown by consensus or votes on military and non-military issues and courses of action.
• The number of countries involved in operations to resolve regional conflicts.
• The operational efficiency of coalition forces as measured by how well they cooperate in defense exercises, are properly trained in defense tactics and doctrine, and their equipment functions within the coalition environment.
• Degree of support for US policies in public opinion surveys at home and abroad.

NATIONAL INTEREST: NATIONAL SECURITY

GOAL: Reduce the threat to the United States and its allies from weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

The most direct and serious threat to US national security is the possibility of conflict involving weapons of mass destruction. The success of our arms control, nonproliferation and export control policies directly affects the safety of US friends and allies, US military forces stationed overseas, American citizens living or traveling abroad, and -- should hostile countries or terrorist groups acquire both the weapons and means of delivery -- the territory and people of the United States itself. Of greatest concern are proliferation threats emanating from Russia, China, North Korea, and threshold states, as well as terrorists that seek to acquire WMD.

State has lead responsibility for developing and negotiating nonproliferation policy. It coordinates implementation of that policy regarding individual countries, such as Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Iraq and North Korea, and multilateral arrangements, such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and chairs the Interagency Nonproliferation Working Group. State also has lead responsibility for developing arms control policy and for negotiating and implementing arms control agreements related to nuclear weapons (e.g., START and CTBT), nuclear material (e.g., FMCT), chemical weapons (e.g., the CWC), biological weapons (e.g., the BWC) and missile defenses (e.g., ABM/NMD).

STRATEGIES:

• Prevent countries and sub-national groups from acquiring the means to develop, produce, or modify WMD or missile delivery systems.

State chairs interagency nonproliferation licensing, interdiction and sanctions groups and coordinates interagency efforts to help other countries improve their export control systems.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: NP, Regional Bureaus, PM, INR, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Intelligence Community, Customs, DoD, DoC, DoE.

• Achieve further reductions in strategic offensive arms and strategic and tactical nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons stockpiles, and related infrastructure in ways that reinforce stable deterrence. Develop effective treaty verification regimes. Pending a decision on whether to deploy a limited national missile defense system, negotiate adaptations of the ABM Treaty, while preserving its contribution to strategic stability and arms reduction.

State coordinates interagency verification assessments of these agreements and is responsible for compliance reports to Congress. State provides negotiators and verification experts, and chairs interagency backstopping committees.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: AC, NP, L, INR, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, DoD, Intelligence Community.

• Reduce the deployment and potential use of WMD or missiles by countries of concern and other proliferators. Where WMD and delivery systems exist outside constraining treaty regimes, limit their destabilizing effects.

State leads policy formulation and develops regional policies regarding countries and regions of concern including South Asia, Iraq, Iran, and North Korea. State heads expert-level nonproliferation negotiations with, inter alia, China, Ukraine, India, Pakistan and South Korea, missile talks with North Korea, and plutonium disposition negotiations with Russia. State works with DoE and DoD on interagency initiatives including stronger support for the IAEA and a strengthened safeguards regime.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: NP, Regional Bureaus, INR, IO, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, DoE, DoD, Intelligence Community.

• Negotiate and implement multilateral agreements that include effective verification provisions to reduce and ultimately eliminate the global threat posed by WMD. Advance arms control and disarmament to constrain nuclear weapons development, e.g., by banning nuclear testing and capping production of weapons-usable fissile material.

State coordinates interagency verification assessments of these agreements and is responsible for compliance reports to Congress. State provides negotiators and verification experts, and chairs interagency backstopping committees.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: AC, NP, IO, L, INR, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, DoE, DoD, Intelligence Community, Commerce, Justice.

• Eliminate excess nuclear weapons materials, secure nuclear and biological weapons technology and facilities, prevent scientists from being recruited by proliferators or terrorists, dismantle weapons production complexes, and combat nuclear smuggling, particularly in the New Independent States (NIS).

State leads efforts to implement improvements in the protection and control of potentially dangerous materials, facilities and know-how in Russia and the other NIS countries. State provides policy oversight to, and works closely with, DoD to facilitate prompt provision of Cooperative Threat Reduction assistance to Russia and the NIS states in order to eliminate excess nuclear weapons and chemical stocks, their delivery vehicles and associated capabilities. State is working to engage international partners, notably the EU, in the Expanded Threat Reduction Initiative in order to address nonproliferation issues in Russia and the NIS.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: NP, Regional Bureaus, INR, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, DoD, DoE, Intelligence Community.

• Verify compliance, implement all treaty notification requirements, and collect, process, analyze and disseminate information to support arms control and nonproliferation verification efforts.

State assesses compliance of US treaty partners with arms control obligations; provides timely analysis of any evidence of noncompliance; provides independent assessments of verification and compliance; assesses Intelligence Community resource allocations to ensure that monitoring assets essential to effective verification are implemented and maintained; and provides treaty-required communications services.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: AC, INR, NP, Regional Bureaus, IRM, PA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Intelligence Community, NSC, DoD, DoE.

• Promote and strengthen international norms and principles that formalize and help verify nonproliferation commitments.

State leads interagency policy formulation relative to international agreements that seek to eliminate and/or prevent the spread of WMD, including the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Biological and Chemical Weapons Conventions, a future Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty (FMCT) and the IAEA. State works with other agencies to promote the most positive outcome for the 2005 NPT Review Conference. State works with other agencies to promote regional confidence building measures.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: NP, AC, Regional Bureaus, IO, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, DoE, DoD.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Commercial and arms trade interests will challenge support for the enactment of new and the enforcement of existing nonproliferation controls, but will not be able to undermine basic policies intended to regulate the flow of dual-use technologies.
• The American people and the US Congress will support strong steps (including sanctions where necessary) to promote nonproliferation, as well as funding for high priority nonproliferation projects that lead to concrete results.
• States of greatest proliferation concern, including India, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq and North Korea, will continue to pursue WMD and their delivery systems.
• The Russian Government will continue to encounter difficulties in controlling interactions with Iran, but the force of US sanctions on individual Russian entities will help encourage responsible behavior. Russia and the NIS will remain generally receptive to cooperation with the US to prevent weapons proliferation and will ensure the security of weapons and nuclear materials.
• There will be operational shortfalls in IAEA funding that will negatively impact its ability to carry out its growing mission.
• The Intelligence Community will maintain and, where necessary, upgrade treaty monitoring capabilities.
• Key countries (e.g., China, India, Russia) will continue to feel the political imperative of participating in bilateral and multilateral arms control negotiations and agreements, but will not always share US objectives or views of acceptable outcomes.
• China will continue to cooperate at inconsistent levels on regional, global and bilateral nonproliferation and arms control issues.
• Employees both at State and embassies overseas will have the technological infrastructure and advanced training necessary to work effectively towards the achievement of this goal.

INDICATORS:

• Rate at which countries of concern acquire WMD technologies, as determined by intelligence and other resources.
• Progress toward CTBT ratification by signatories and conclusion of a BWC compliance protocol.
• Reduction of strategic offensive arms in accordance with the schedule mandated by START I and, once in force, START II.
• Status of negotiations on ABM Treaty amendments and START III, and on a FMCT at the Conference on Disarmament.
• Status of Indian and Pakistani WMD programs.
• Status of Iraqi disarmament.
• Impact of the IAEA in verifying the peaceful use of nuclear material.
• Progress toward implementing US industry obligations under the CWC and in the number of states that ratify the CWC.
• Progress towards dismantling the Russian WMD production complex.
• Compliance by treaty partners in implementing arms control agreements. Accurate and timely accounting of incidents of non-compliance. Success rate for US initiatives taken to reverse non-compliant behavior by our treaty partners.
• Implementation of the NATO Summit WMD Initiative and establishment of NATO
• WMD Center.
• Enhanced allied and partner contributions to CTR programs.

NATIONAL INTEREST: ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

GOAL: Open foreign markets to increase trade and free the flow of goods, services, and capital.

America needs open markets around the world so its goods and services can compete on a level playing field. The successful completion of the Uruguay Round and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) strengthened the world multilateral trade regime and opened important new markets for US trade and investment. Sustaining the momentum of global trade liberalization is essential to overcoming the current global economic crisis and to fostering prosperity through free and fair trade. The US Government must ensure that WTO rules are followed and that follow-on agreements to the Uruguay Round are successfully concluded and implemented. Regional agreements will also continue to play an important role in opening markets. With the decline in tariffs and traditional non-tariff barriers, trade negotiations must focus more on new areas such as investment, corruption, technical standards, labor standards and the environment. The successful conclusion of Open Skies civil aviation agreements with additional countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America will increase passenger and cargo traffic, promoting economic growth and tourism in the US and abroad. The United States also pursues opportunities for improving America's economy through participation in international organizations that set technical standards.

The State Department integrates economic, commercial, and scientific and technological priorities into policies developed for geographic regions and countries by consulting with businesses, industry associations, trade unions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other appropriate groups and by incorporating their interests into US foreign policy. State advances US interests bilaterally as well as in those regional forums designed to foster economic prosperity and dialogue between countries -- such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC), the US-EU Transatlantic Dialog, and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). State works actively within the interagency process to ensure US policies reflect the US public's interest in promoting core labor standards and sound environmental policies in the context of our trade liberalization policy. State is an active participant in promoting US economic and commercial interests abroad by leading negotiations for aviation and investment agreements.

STRATEGIES:

• Build international and domestic support for further trade liberalization.

State explains and advocates US positions through its missions overseas, offices in EB, DRL, and Regional Bureaus, primarily through contacts with foreign governments, multilateral organizations and domestic outreach efforts.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, DRL, Regional Bureaus, PA, IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USTR, Commerce.

• Enforce rules and agreements to identify, eliminate, or reduce foreign trade barriers, including agreements reached in the WTO's Uruguay Round.

State enforces trade agreements by working closely with the US private sector, by participating in the interagency enforcement process, and by encouraging foreign governments to comply with international trade obligations. As required by Congress, EB compiles the annual Trade Act Report, and participates in interagency monitoring of implementation of Uruguay Round agreements.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USTR, Commerce.

• Expand scope of bilateral, regional and multilateral trade and investment arrangements involving the United States.

State has co-lead on negotiation of bilateral investment treaties (BITs). State leads an interagency effort to modernize the BIT to better protect US investments while promoting market-based standards of investment in emerging markets. State takes the lead on efforts within the OECD to address concerns raised by civil society with respect to international investment rules. State participates in environmental reviews of major trade regulations. State participates in negotiations for the Free Trade Area of the Americas, which include trade, intellectual property, environmental, labor and investment aspects.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, L, DRL, OES, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USTR.

• Extend international rules and agreements to new areas such as services, corruption, and core labor standards; intensify WTO work on trade and environmental agenda.

State leads negotiations in the OECD on corruption, particularly on extending the Anti-Bribery Convention to new areas of activity and establishing criteria for accession of new signatories. State directs USG participation in the OECD Working Group on Bribery, which is currently evaluating ratifying states' legislative implementation of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and will soon launch a review cycle of actual enforcement. State promotes regional anticorruption initiatives by taking part in efforts by the Council of Europe, Organization of American States, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, OSCE and Global Coalition for Africa. Overseas missions are involved in the US Government's anticorruption drive, and Regional Bureaus are preparing implementation plans for a US initiative on fighting corruption globally. In the Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations, EB is the US lead on the Government Committee on Civil Society which promotes inclusion of new concerns such as labor and the environment in the eventual agreement. State directs USG participation in redrafting OECD guidelines for multinational enterprises, and seeks the inclusion of explicit reference to core labor standards and human rights. With the creation of the WTO, State works closely with USTR and EPA to ensure environmental concerns are factored into trade liberalization initiatives.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, L, IO, DRL, OES, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USTR, Treasury.

• Improve opportunities for America's companies and trade associations through multilateral cooperation in technical fields, including setting standards for trade, communications (telecommunications and postal), transportation (aviation and maritime), labor, intellectual property, food, agriculture and health.

State works with other USG agencies, businesses, labor and NGO's to promote open markets and to eliminate/reduce trade barriers and to foster core labor standards through international organizations such as the International Labor Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization and International Maritime Organization. State promotes US priorities at international standards-setting conferences and meetings, supported by the advance groundwork of overseas missions.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: IO, EB, DRL, Regional Bureaus, overseas missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Labor, Commerce, Transportation, Agriculture, Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, US Patent Office.

• Integrate emerging economic powers into the world trading system through expanded WTO membership on terms that ensure significantly improved market access for US firms.

EB, Regional Bureaus and overseas missions are in frequent contact with countries to encourage and assist their accession into the WTO. EB and the Regional Bureaus also participate in interagency working groups and delegations involved in the WTO accession process.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, L, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USTR.

• Conclude further "Open Skies" Civil Aviation agreements.

State heads interagency teams negotiating "Open Skies" and other civil aviation agreements.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, L, Regional Bureaus.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Transportation.

• Promote more open markets for all goods and services in developing and transition economies.

EB and Regional Bureaus participate in negotiations in the Free Trade Area of the Americas, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum and WTO to open markets abroad, and take part in formulating and implementing initiatives to expand trade with regions such as Southeastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and Northern Africa. EB and the Regional Bureaus participate in interagency working groups and discussions with international financial institutions to encourage the targeting of grants and loans to activities and institutions that promote and strengthen market opening efforts.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, Regional Bureaus.

Lead US Government Agencies: Treasury, State, USTR, USAID.

• Obtain Congressional renewal of trade agreement authority, including Fast Track.

EB and Regional Bureaus participate in interagency efforts to create and achieve passage of trade legislation. H, EB and the Regional Bureaus support the Administration's legislative strategy with Congress. PA directs State's outreach efforts.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, Regional Bureaus, H, PA.

Lead US Government Agencies: USTR, OMB, State.

• Undertake science and technology agreements and develop international public-private sector cooperation; promote productive applications of scientific and technological research; increase trade and investment through improvement in intellectual property rights; and promote business opportunities.

State has statutory responsibility for coordinating the international science and technology activities of federal agencies, and has the lead role in numerous negotiations in this field. EB consults with the business and scientific communities and NGOs on science and technology topics. EB coordinates intellectual property rights enforcement efforts overseas.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, EB, PA, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, DOE, OSTP.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Major US trading partners and international organizations will usually share the goal of strengthening multilateral and regional trade initiatives, although the current global economic crisis will require renewed efforts to promote free trade.
• Successful expansion of trade liberalization will require congressional extension of Fast Track trade authority to the Administration.
• Continued growth of US prosperity will depend on a resumption of growth among our major trade partners.
• Maintaining US domestic support for the World Trading Organization and an expanded trade agenda, we will need to work aggressively with the WTO and our major trading partners to enhance WTO transparency and environmental and labor issues in the trade negotiation process.

INDICATORS:

• Achievement of US goals in the WTO negotiations on the "built-in agenda" of agriculture and services and areas of particular US interest (e.g. market access; trade facilitation; trade remedies; transparency; labor and environment; capacity building).
• Successful use of WTO dispute mechanisms to eliminate foreign trade barriers, as measured by the number of cases instigated, won and settled.
• Conclusion of additional Bilateral Investment Treaties and completion of new prototype text.
• Completion of implementation reviews of states ratifying the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; agreement on additional multilateral anti-corruption initiatives.
• Status of Open Skies effort with key countries, in the short term including the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Australia, African countries, Spain and Portugal, and in the medium term development of the next-generation liberalization initiative.
• Use of regional forums to achieve US goals, such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).
• Incorporation of US support for core labor standards in our trade and investment agenda.

NATIONAL INTEREST: ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

GOAL: Expand US exports to $1.2 trillion by early in the 21st century.

As the world economy becomes more globalized and emerges from recent financial crises, trade remains central both to US well being and to global economic recovery and growth. In 1998, US exports totaled $930 billion, accounting for 12% of our GDP and one in seven American jobs. It is estimated that each added billion dollars of US exports translates into 13,000 US jobs -- jobs that pay above average wages.

The State Department, both in Washington and overseas, plays a central role in identifying and pursuing export and investment opportunities for US business. US ambassadors place commercial advocacy among their top priorities and use their high-level contacts to advance US commercial and investment interests. This role is crucial to ensuring future US prosperity.

STRATEGIES:

• Expand export promotion efforts in nontraditional and other markets worldwide.

At overseas missions, ambassadors lead interagency export promotion teams that meet with and advise US firms, host trade missions, advocate on behalf of US businesses, analyze foreign markets and conditions, and participate in outreach programs, such as ambassadorial tours of US cities. In Washington, EB and Regional Bureaus work closely with Commerce and the Ex-Im Bank to support US export promotion activities.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, EB/CBA, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Commerce, Ex-Im Bank, TDA, OPIC, USDA.

• Support American foreign direct investment as a means of increasing US exports.

State supports US investors by negotiating and monitoring bilateral investment agreements. EB, EB/CBA, and overseas missions provide guidance to potential investors by advising on local business and regulatory conditions, and help to resolve investment disputes by intervening, when appropriate, with foreign government officials. US investment abroad increases US exports, as demonstrated by analysis of global trade patterns revealing that trade follows investment.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, EB/CBA, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USTR, TDA, OPIC.

• Focus US Government advocacy, finance, public diplomacy and other export promotion efforts on emerging markets.

State supports the interagency export promotion teams at overseas missions, and leads the teams at those missions that do not have a Foreign Commercial Service presence. EB participates in interagency deliberations on country credit risk ratings and financial aspects of export promotion by gathering and analyzing economic and financial data and by providing a broad economic and political context. EB, Regional Bureaus and overseas missions work closely with the Ex-Im Bank to support its export finance activities, disseminating information on Ex-Im Bank programs and actively gathering and analyzing data on foreign customers.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, Regional Bureaus, IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: Commerce, State, Ex-Im Bank, TDA, OPIC, USDA.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Progress in further trade liberalization will provide new opportunities to lower tariff and non-tariff barriers to US exports.
• The US economy will remain strong -- but growth in the US economy and US exports will depend on growth in the global economy.
• USG support and advocacy for US business will contribute to export success.
• US domestic policy will promote sound economic growth and maintain US competitiveness in world markets.
• State will receive personnel and budget resources, both overseas (e.g., embassy advocacy and trade missions) and for trade negotiators and policymakers.

INDICATORS:

• Conclusion of bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Effective resolution of investment disputes mediated under BITs.
• Trade missions to posts without a Foreign Commercial Service (FCS) presence.
• Growth trend of US exports from the 1998 base of $930 billion.
• Number of US new-to-market exporters.

NATIONAL INTEREST: ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

GOAL: Increase global economic growth and stability.

Global macroeconomic conditions have a significant impact on the ability of the United States to sustain stable economic growth with low inflation and unemployment. US export, income, and employment levels will benefit from faster growth worldwide and from greater global economic stability.

The Department of State works with Treasury, USAID, and international financial institutions to strengthen the global financial system to reduce the likelihood and severity of financial crises. US missions abroad play a key role in promoting sound economic policies and in warning of potential financial crises.

STRATEGIES:

• Encourage other countries to adopt or maintain market-oriented macroeconomic, trade, investment, exchange rate, legal, and regulatory policies designed to support economic growth.

State provides policy leadership to encourage economic liberalization, including among major trading partners. US missions abroad work directly with other governments to promote adoption of sound policies that support economic growth and stability and, where appropriate, work with the IMF to develop effective policies.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, Regional Bureaus, IIP, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Treasury, USTR, USAID.

• Strengthen the international financial system to achieve global and regional financial stability, and to facilitate international flows of private capital.

Treasury sets overall policy. In Washington and through US missions abroad, State encourages other governments to support global efforts to strengthen the international financial system and to adopt domestic policies -- such as appropriate exchange rates and improved banking regulations -- consistent with these improvements. State assists the US private sector through advocacy on its behalf and by reporting on foreign economic conditions.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, Regional Bureaus, IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: Treasury, State.

• Strengthen international financial institutions (IFIs) and work to ensure those institutions further US foreign policy objectives.

State provides foreign policy guidance on the programs of international financial institutions to protect monetary flows to key regions and countries, to ensure that projects are consistent with sustainable development goals, and to promote economic reform, transparency, core labor standards, good governance, and social protection programs. The Under Secretary for Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs serves as Alternate Governor of the multilateral development banks.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, OES, INL, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Treasury.

• Develop better advance warning mechanisms to avoid financial crises in emerging markets.

US missions abroad report on macroeconomic and financial developments, including potential crises. State provides analytical support and develops policy guidelines.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Treasury, CIA, and the Federal Reserve.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Globalization and economic interdependence will continue to increase.
• Private sector awareness of foreign investment opportunities will continue to increase.
• The adoption of appropriate economic policies can both lessen the likelihood of, and mitigate the impact of, future shocks that might slow global economic growth.
• The United States will pay its arrears to international financial institutions to preserve its leadership and influence.

INDICATORS:

• Key emerging market economies begin -- or stick to -- IMF economic reform programs necessary for greater growth.
• The speed and accuracy with which Washington policymakers receive advance warning of potential regional or global financial crises.
• Economic growth rates in developed, transitional, and developing economies.

NATIONAL INTEREST: ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

GOAL: Promote broad-based growth in developing and transitional economies to raise standards of living, reduce poverty and lessen disparities of wealth within and among countries.

Americans benefit as the economies of transitional and developing nations expand and their markets open. Economic growth in these countries will reduce poverty and provide economic opportunity, contributing to political stability and reducing illegal immigration. International cooperation can help ameliorate global problems such as high population growth, the spread of infectious diseases, and environmental degradation.

The Department of State, both in Washington, DC, and at overseas missions, works with USAID, Treasury, Labor, the Peace Corps, multilateral development institutions, and NGOs to support and encourage appropriate policies in support of economic growth in developing and transitional countries.

STRATEGIES:

• Promote transitions from statist to market-based economies throughout the world, taking into account the need for adequate social protection frameworks.

In Washington and overseas, State works with other US Government agencies to: encourage market-oriented development in interactions with foreign governments and citizens; ensure that bilateral and multilateral development assistance to transition countries is effective, appropriate, and consistent with overall policy priorities; negotiate market-opening economic reforms; and encourage the design of programs to prevent crises and minimize social cost.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, DRL, Regional Bureaus, IO, OES, IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, Treasury, Labor, TDA, OPIC, USTR, Commerce.

• Strengthen markets and institutions in transitional and developing nations by promoting good governance, accountable leadership, fiscal responsibility, and financial market development, as key parts of development strategy.

State uses private and public diplomacy to foster support for reforms in the transitional and developing countries and provides policy guidance to implementing agencies and international financial institutions (IFIs).

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, Regional Bureaus, IIP, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, Treasury.

• Collaborate with other nations and multilateral organizations providing assistance to developing and transition nations to support their transformation to more socially stable, free market-oriented democracies.

State participates in formal and informal bilateral and multilateral consultations that serve to coordinate development assistance with other donors, thus helping to eliminate duplication, take advantage of synergies, and ensure that programs are consistent with US policy goals.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, IO, DRL, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, Treasury, Labor.

• Use debt relief to stimulate growth and reduce poverty.

State works with Treasury, other donor nations, and international financial institutions to develop mechanisms that, in the context of economic reform, relieve the debt burden of the poorest countries and ensure the use of newly freed-up resources to support poverty reduction.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: Treasury, State.

• Increase economic opportunities for the poor, including programs that support micro- and small-enterprise development; promote social policies that protect the poor and most vulnerable, promote compliance with core labor standards.

State works with USAID on the bilateral side and Treasury on the multilateral side to develop and support programs designed to assist the poor, encourage social protection frameworks, promote compliance with core labor standards, and build institutional capacity to withstand economic stress.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: IO, EB, DRL, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, Treasury, Labor.

• Support and encourage expanded investments in exchanges, training, education, and other human resource development.

State cooperates with other agencies to ensure that human resources development and education efforts receive support from bilateral and multilateral assistance programs.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: ECA, IO, EB, DRL, Regional Bureaus, IIP, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, Treasury, Labor.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Adequate resources must be allocated to the budget function 150 account to support both new and ongoing development initiatives, including funding for bilateral and multilateral efforts.
• Developing and transition countries are responsible for creating the domestic conditions conducive to economic growth.
• To be successful, reform efforts must make provision for the needs of poor and marginalized populations.
• Statistics reported in the Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program and assessments in the State Department's annual Human Rights Reports are useful indicators of national well being.

INDICATORS:

• Number of debt relief programs implemented under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative; decline in debt service ratios; growth of social spending.
• Growth of the private sector's share in the economy.
• Quality of life (health, nutrition, education, housing, incomes, and workplace conditions).
• Levels of support for economic reforms and confidence in public institutions as reflected in polling data.
• Effective enforcement of labor laws providing for core labor standards and respect for commitments in the declaration of the 1998 International Labor Organization (ILO) resolution on core labor standards, to which all ILO members subscribed.

NATIONAL INTEREST: PROTECT AMERICAN CITIZENS AND SAFEGUARD US BORDERS

GOAL: Protect the safety and security of American citizens who travel and live abroad.

Protecting American citizens is a key responsibility of the United States and one that is carried out by every Foreign Service post. The millions of Americans who travel and reside abroad expect to do so with freedom and in reasonable safety. US passports and information on conditions in other countries provide Americans with the basis for safe travel. When US citizens are endangered, the Department of State helps to ensure that they receive assistance and protection.

The Department of State plays an important role in Americans' lives by issuing the more than 7 million passports each year that enable them to travel abroad, publishing information designed to help them avoid trouble, and assisting them when they encounter situations they cannot handle on their own. Americans make more than 50 million trips abroad annually, and approximately 4 million live abroad. They increasingly are turning to the Department of State for advice and help. To assist Americans abroad, the Department provides citizenship documents and a wide variety of consular services. When Americans face emergencies, such as crime, illness, accidents, legal problems, political unrest, natural disasters, or terrorist attacks, State officers are there to help them. To give Americans the quality service they deserve, State officers must have the support and tools they need.

STRATEGIES:

• Provide high quality services to American citizens. Meet rising passport demand, and facilitate public access to information on passports, citizen services, and the safety and security of international travel. Utilize all available means, including the latest technologies, to exploit fully the consular information program for the benefit of Americans. Invest in facilities and personnel.

CA is employing technology, infrastructure upgrades, and reconfigured work areas to improve the experience of consular customers and the working environment for staff. CA is urging posts to adopt appropriate new management approaches that foster quality service. CA and FSI are using training to build skills that empower employees to work more confidently, effectively, and courteously. CA is adding features to the CA web site, including on-line forms and services. CA coordinates with overseas missions, Regional Bureaus, DS, S/CT, and other agencies to compile information on conditions affecting Americans in foreign countries. CA and PA disseminate information to the general public.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: CA, A, FSI, PA, DS, S/CT, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agency: State.

• Protect American citizens in crisis situations by taking all possible measures including evacuation in a permissive or non-permissive environment. In the aftermath of emergencies and disasters, assist American victims and their relatives. Enhance the USG's crisis management capability, including emergency services for Americans, at diplomatic and consular posts abroad, and at the actual scene of international disasters.

State coordinates the US Government's response to crises affecting US citizens overseas, including coordination with other governments, the private sector, and NGOs to provide assistance to Americans. State uses training, including exercises with DOD and air carriers, to ensure crisis readiness. State collaborates with DOD to evacuate Americans when conditions abroad make other means of exit impossible.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: S/S-O, CA, DS, FMP, M/FLO, PM, S/CT, H, ECA, EB, L, A, INR, IRM, IO, FSI, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Peace Corps, CIA, Justice (FBI), DoD, HHS, Commerce, Treasury, and Transportation.

• Ensure consular protection for US citizens abroad, including respect for their rights under international law, bilateral or multilateral agreements, local laws and due process. Work closely with Americans living abroad to develop effective communications, especially in locations where diplomatic or consular posts cannot effectively serve the entire US community owing to distance.

CA coordinates closely with overseas missions to maintain effective working relations with host government officials, including encouraging foreign governments to accede to multilateral treaties and conventions. State has ongoing relationships with numerous overseas American organizations, including through the Overseas Security Advisory Council. CA oversees the organization and maintenance of resident American communities through warden systems and the media at posts abroad. State also engages third countries to protect US citizen interests.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: CA, L, DS, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agency: State.

• Produce a more secure and tamper-resistant US passport by implementing a digital passport production process.

Photodigitization is the greatest technological advance in passports in a generation and will minimize substitution of the photograph as the major vulnerability of the US passport. It will form a basis for telecommunicating applications and photographic images anywhere in the world for immediate verification of citizenship and identity. This will facilitate workflow, enhance fraud detection, and improve customer service.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: CA.

Lead US Government Agency: State.

• Take extensive measures to improve aviation and maritime safety and security abroad and thwart crime and terrorist actions against Americans abroad.

State coordinates the US Government's efforts with other governments to create an environment in which Americans can travel or reside abroad securely.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: DS, S/CT, EB, CA, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agency: State.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Passport demand, at a record 7 million in 1999, will grow by 3-5% annually between 2000 and 2004.
• International crises and incidents will often affect Americans overseas, and Americans occasionally will be singled out as targets because of their nationality.
• MRV fees will continue to provide funding for consular operations.
• Human resources will be sufficient to carry out statutorily mandated functions.

INDICATORS:

• Level of American citizen satisfaction with services provided to them, including measurements by customer surveys.
• After-action assessments of USG protection of Americans during crises, disasters, and emergencies.
• Number of web site hits.
• All domestic passport agencies issue passports with digitized photograph by end of 2001.

NATIONAL INTEREST: PROTECT AMERICAN CITIZENS AND SAFEGUARD US BORDERS

GOAL: Facilitate travel to US by foreign visitors, immigrants, and refugees, while deterring entry by those who abuse or threaten our system.

The United States has been a beacon of freedom and opportunity throughout its history. Immigrants make important contributions to the nation, and visitors contribute directly to US prosperity. Foreign visitors contribute about $100 billion to the US economy each year and support jobs for over one million Americans. The large numbers of people seeking to enter or remain in the US illegally present major law enforcement, border security, and socio-economic problems.

The Department of State shares responsibility with the Department of Justice/INS for administering US immigration laws fairly and effectively. US consular officers adjudicate visas of persons who seek to enter the United States either temporarily or as immigrants. Consular screening facilitates entry of those who qualify, while deterring illegal immigration, and prevents the entry into the United States of terrorists, narcotics traffickers, and other criminals. Data generated by consular officers and shared with INS and other agencies enhance both border security and service to visa recipients upon arrival in the United States. The Department supports the continuation of the Visa Waiver Program that allows citizens from qualified countries to enter the United States without a visa for 90 days or less on business or pleasure, and enables the Department to focus resources in countries where decision-making on visa applications is most complicated. Revenue generated by the Machine Readable Visa (MRV) fee helps fund border-security activities in seven bureaus, finances the salaries of nearly 2000 Foreign Service and Civil Service employees, and helps posts throughout the world deal with their growing workload.

STRATEGIES:

• Administer immigration laws fairly and effectively to facilitate travel of eligible foreign nationals and impede travel of ineligible foreign nationals to the United States; propose legislation to modernize and improve efficiency of visa processing.

It is the responsibility of missions overseas, as the outermost ring of the US border security system, to adjudicate visas. CA is developing new techniques to improve the management of consular workload and visa issuance and sharing "best practices" to make the visa process more transparent and customer-friendly. The continued retention of user fees is critical to the success of enhancements to customer service, efficiency, and detection and deterrence of unqualified applicants.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: CA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice (INS).

• Administer US asylum policies and refugee admission programs fairly, humanely, and equitably in accordance with US and related international law.

State provides background information and advisory opinions to assist the Immigration and Naturalization Service in adjudicating asylum requests. State coordinates domestic consultations on refugee admissions numbers and allocations. Once the levels are established, State administers the programs in conjunction with the Departments of Justice and Health and Human Services.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: PRM, DRL.

Lead US Government Agency: State, Justice (INS), HHS.

• Inform foreign publics of US visa and entry laws and regulations and the dangers of trying to enter the country illegally, while building understanding of US immigration policy.

State is expanding the use of the Internet to provide visa information, forms, and services. State is partnering with foreign governments and using public service advertising in broadcast and print media to raise awareness overseas of the dangers of illegal border crossings or entrusting oneself to alien smugglers. Consular sections distribute pamphlets that warn women and girls of the methods used by traffickers for the purpose of sexual exploitation.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: CA, INL, PRM, IIP, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agency: State.

• Coordinate among federal agencies to increase border security and improve customer service. Employ techniques and technologies, such as machine-readable documents, biometric indicators, "smart cards," and sophisticated namechecks to provide quality customer service, expedite lawful entry, identify and prevent the entry of criminals and terrorists, and inhibit illegal immigration. Establish database links among posts abroad, US ports-of-entry, INS offices, and other law enforcement agencies. Implement inter-agency and international programs to counter alien smuggling, especially of highly vulnerable groups.

Close cooperation and sharing of information between State and domestic law enforcement agencies, such as INS, the FBI, and Customs, is an indispensable element in protecting America's borders. State is working with these other agencies to share data on potentially ineligible aliens as well as immigrant and non-immigrant visa issuance data. The goal is 100% sharing of unclassified information (consistent with applicable privacy requirements) among pertinent agencies in order to leverage collective resources, improve border security, and enhance customer service. State has established on-line connectivity between the Washington mainframe and all overseas posts and begun a process of replicating data to and from Washington and ports of entry. Students and participants in the 2002 Olympics are among those who will benefit from technologically enhanced documents. Consular officers at overseas missions, utilizing computerized namecheck systems, evaluate visa applicants. CA and overseas missions coordinate applicant information with INS and law enforcement agencies when necessary.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: CA, IRM, DS, INR, IIP, A, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice (INS, FBI), Treasury (Customs), APHIS, CIA.

• Combat fraud by increasing the security features of US passports and visas, and investigating aggressively cases of passport and visa fraud. Work with other countries to produce similar tamper-resistant travel documents. Train USG officials and their foreign counterparts in anti-fraud techniques and methods. Secure a permanent Visa Waiver Program and concentrate resources where workload is growing the most and/or border security threats are the highest.

State seeks continuous improvements in the design of US passports and visas to guard against fraudulent use or counterfeiting. State works with the Department of Justice to develop evidence leading to the prosecution of violators. The Visa Waiver Program permits limited resources to be redeployed from low-fraud locations to places where visa work is more complex. Once countries have qualified to participate in the program, State follows up with foreign governments to ensure that they continue to meet the requirements of the program.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: CA, DS, H, L, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice (INS).

• Address the underlying causes of large-scale illegal migration, particularly in Central America and the Caribbean, by promoting regional stability, democracy, and broad-based economic growth.

State leads US efforts to develop collective solutions to migration problems, including respect for migrants' rights and addressing illegal migration flows.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: PRM, INL, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• The United States will remain a desirable destination for visitors and immigrants from throughout the world.
• Political, social, and economic unrest will generate migratory pressures.
• Applications for non-immigrant visas will continue to increase by 5% or more per year.
• Many unqualified would-be immigrants will resort to illegal methods to enter the country.
• MRV fees will continue to provide funding for consular operations.
• Human resources must be sufficient to carry out statutorily mandated functions.

INDICATORS:

• Number of visa adjudications.
• Waiting times for visa services.
• Effectiveness of namechecks.
• Status of data-sharing initiatives.
• Effectiveness of efforts to stem large-scale illegal migration.

NATIONAL INTEREST: LAW ENFORCEMENT

GOAL: Minimize the impact of international crime on the United States and its citizens.

The expansion and increasing sophistication of transnational crime represents a growing threat to the property and well-being of American citizens. As a result of the erosion of the traditional distinction between "domestic" and "foreign" crime, effective international law enforcement has become essential.

The Department of State conducts relations with foreign governments and multilateral organizations to create a global response to the threat of transnational crime. State also coordinates US activities overseas directed against transnational crime under the authority of the Chief of Mission. State is directly responsible for implementing the International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Program with foreign assistance funds to assist selected foreign government criminal justice and law enforcement agencies.

STRATEGIES:

• Obtain commitments from other governments to combat money laundering and other financial crimes, alien smuggling, drug trafficking, intellectual property theft, trafficking in stolen vehicles, trafficking in persons (particularly women and children), illicit manufacture of and trafficking in firearms, environmental crimes, and other forms of transnational crime.

State provides policy coordination, a diplomatic platform (US embassies and consulates), and the diplomatic framework for bilateral and multilateral relations with foreign governments.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, DRL, L, IO, DS, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice, Treasury.

• Negotiate mutual legal assistance treaties and other agreements, multilateral task forces, and support for effective international agencies in order to develop international communication and cooperation to combat transnational crime.

State provides policy coordination, a diplomatic platform (US embassies and consulates), and the diplomatic framework for working with foreign governments and multilateral organizations.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, IO, L, DS, PA, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice, Treasury.

• Cooperate with foreign law enforcement and judicial authorities to support US law enforcement objectives abroad, including identifying and dismantling transnational criminal organizations, seizing assets, and prosecuting, convicting, and incarcerating offenders.

State provides policy guidance, a diplomatic platform (US embassies and consulates), and diplomatic support to US law enforcement agencies, including coordination with overseas missions.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, L, S/CT, DS, Regional Bureaus, S/CT, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice, Treasury.

• Provide assistance and training, and encourage support by other donors and international organizations to improve the criminal justice institutions of emerging democracies, developing countries, and areas of recent conflict, including support for international police/peacekeeping forces where appropriate.

State provides policy definition and funding for criminal justice sector institutional development, including US assistance to foreign and international law enforcement agencies in support of our foreign policy goals.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, IO, DS, S/CT, DRL, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice, Treasury, USAID.

• Collect, analyze, and disseminate intelligence worldwide regarding transnational crime and threats to critical infrastructure.

State provides coordination with intelligence and other agencies to secure intelligence on transnational crime for policymakers. State also attempts to bridge the gap between intelligence and law enforcement agencies so that the intelligence collected can be used effectively without compromising sources and methods.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, INR, DS, L.

Lead US Government Agencies: Intelligence Community, State, Justice, Treasury.

• Preclude criminals engaged in illegal, transnational activities from fraudulently obtaining or using US passports or visas to facilitate their criminal activities in the United States.

State provides aggressive investigation of passport and visa fraud to combat both transnational crime and illegal alien markets. State assists INS by coordinating with law enforcement/immigration services of other countries for the deportation of aliens convicted of crimes in the United States. These efforts facilitate removal of transnational criminals from the United States.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: DS, INL, CA, INR, L.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Transnational crime is growing, evolving, and becoming a more significant threat to US interests, particularly with the appearance on the world scene of criminal organizations from Russia, Asia, and elsewhere.
• Increasingly, foreign law enforcement agencies will seek information regarding American criminals operating in their countries.
• Improving the criminal justice systems of foreign governments will contribute to their ability to control their own crime problems and to work with the US on international crime issues.

INDICATORS:

• Results of evaluation of US government and foreign law enforcement efforts to disrupt the operations of major international criminal organizations, including indictments, convictions, and asset seizures.
• Level of US and foreign public awareness of international crime developments, as measured by opinion polls.
• Completion, signature and ratification of the International Convention against Organized Transnational Crime, including its three protocols.
• The number of foreign governments that sign, ratify, and implement treaties with the US requiring the return of stolen vehicles and aircraft to the country of origin.
• The number of foreign governments that sign, ratify, and implement extradition treaties with the United States.
• The number of foreign governments that sign, ratify, and implement mutual legal assistance treaties or agreements with the United States.

NATIONAL INTEREST: LAW ENFORCEMENT

GOAL: Reduce the entry of illegal drugs into the United States.

Most illegal narcotics consumed in the United States come from abroad. Control of the foreign supply must complement efforts to reduce domestic drug use and its harmful consequences in the United States. The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) sets out domestic and international policy in the National Drug Control Strategy, which establishes specific targets for worldwide reduction or elimination of the cultivation, production, and commercial-scale import of cocaine, opium, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, and other illicit drugs. US international counter-narcotics activities include interdiction, eradication of illicit drug crops and promulgation of legitimate crops, and infrastructure development.

The Department of State is responsible for implementing elements of the National Drug Control Strategy that entail relations with or actions by foreign governments or international organizations, and activities outside the United States subject to the authority of chiefs of US diplomatic missions. These include reducing production, trafficking, and abuse of illicit drugs. State implements the International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement Program with funds appropriated under the Foreign Assistance Act to assist foreign institutions responsible for development and implementation of drug control activities.

STRATEGIES:

• Reduce cultivation of coca, opium, and marijuana, particularly when destined for the United States; limit production and import of other illegal drugs, precursor chemicals, and diverted controlled substances.

State provides policy development and funding for projects to reduce drug crops by alternative development, eradication or other means, and promotes similar projects by other bilateral or multilateral donors, particularly in source countries where US bilateral access is limited.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, Regional Bureaus, IO, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, ONDCP, USAID, Justice (DEA, FBI, INS/Border Patrol), Treasury (Customs), Transportation (Coast Guard), DOD.

• Use the annual "narcotics certification" process and other means to increase foreign political will to support the US anti-narcotics agenda.

State provides policy definition and funds projects for institutional development.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, Regional Bureaus, IO, L, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, ONDCP, Justice (DEA, FBI, INS/Border Patrol), Treasury (Customs), Transportation (Coast Guard), DOD.

• Collaborate with foreign governments and international organizations to disrupt and dismantle drug trafficking organizations, seize assets, and investigate, arrest, prosecute, and incarcerate their leaders. Build multilateral alliances and develop institutional capabilities of governments and multilateral organizations to combat all aspects of illicit drug production, trafficking, and abuse.

State provides policy guidance, diplomatic support to law enforcement agencies, including coordination with overseas missions, and funding for assistance to foreign drug enforcement institutions.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, L, Regional Bureaus, DS, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Intelligence Community, Justice (DEA, FBI, INS/Border Patrol), ONDCP, Treasury (Customs), Transportation (Coast Guard), DOD.

• Support the protection of US air, sea, and land borders from importation of illegal drugs by implementing a balanced approach to interdicting illegal narcotics.

State provides policy coordination and diplomatic contact with foreign governments in interdiction transit zones, and promotes policies in multilateral drug agencies compatible with interdiction goals.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, L, IO, WHA.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice (DEA, FBI, INS/Border Patrol), ONDCP, Treasury (Customs), Transportation (Coast Guard), DOD.

• Collect, analyze, and disseminate intelligence regarding international drug production, trafficking organizations, and the availability and abuse of illegal drugs.

State provides policy guidance to, and coordinates with, intelligence and other agencies.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: INL, INR, L.

Lead US Government Agencies: Justice (DEA, FBI, INS/Border Patrol), Intelligence Community, Treasury (Customs), Transportation (Coast Guard), DOD.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• In order to reduce the entry of illegal drugs into the United States, it is necessary to reduce domestic demand as well as foreign production.
• Although foreign governments have an interest in counter-narcotics cooperation with the United States, limited institutional capacity, along with social, political, and economic factors -- including corruption -- will remain major constraints.
• Increasing public and governmental awareness of drug abuse problems in other countries can enhance their cooperation with the US in counter-narcotics efforts.
• The Western Hemisphere will remain the major foreign source of most illegal drugs entering the United States, with the major entry points being the US-Mexican border and Puerto Rico.

INDICATORS:

• USG estimates of foreign cultivation of coca, opium, and marijuana.
• USG estimates of quantities of illicit drugs and precursor chemicals that leave source countries.
• USG estimates of quantities of illicit drugs and precursor chemicals that enter the United States.
• Disruption of drug group activities, as shown by indictments, prosecutions, convictions, asset seizures, and other law enforcement data.
• Foreign government compliance with international counter-narcotics obligations, including adherence to the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
• Implementation of stronger, effective national drug control policies and counter-narcotics activities by the governments of major drug producing or transit countries, as measured by the number of countries certified.

NATIONAL INTEREST: LAW ENFORCEMENT

GOAL: Reduce the incidence and severity of international terrorist attacks, particularly against American citizens and interests.

International terrorism continues to threaten Americans around the world and impinges on the lives of Americans at home and abroad. Threats to American citizens, facilities and foreign policy interests, as well as the potential terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction, make terrorism a national security as well as a law enforcement challenge. Terrorism stemming from disputes in one region of the world can emerge in far-flung geographic locations. Terrorists based overseas can also instigate attacks within the United States.

The Department of State is the lead agency to coordinate US policy and measures to counter the terrorism threat abroad. The Department leads the response to the evolving nature of international terrorism, such as the emergence of groups that exist independently of state sponsorship, and the threat of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction. The Department also maintains a long-standing policy of no concessions to terrorists and encourages other countries to take a similar approach.

STRATEGIES:

• Deter, warn against, respond promptly to, and defeat all terrorist threats or attacks on US interests abroad.

State provides the policy coordination leadership and framework for making use of diplomatic, intelligence, economic, law enforcement, training, technology, and military assets. The Department coordinates with the NSC and appropriate agencies and foreign governments to foster intelligence gathering, preventive efforts, and approaches to dealing with terrorist contingencies. State also works with foreign governments to assist the investigation, apprehension and prosecution of terrorist suspects. In the event of international contingencies, a State-led interagency Foreign Emergency Support Team (EST) can deploy within hours to offer advice, support, and special counterterrorism capabilities. State also provides security for US diplomatic missions abroad and for senior visiting foreign dignitaries.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: S/CT, INR, DS, L, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Intelligence Community, Justice, CIA, DOD, Treasury, Commerce, Transportation (FAA).

• Curb activities of state supporters of terrorism.

State leads in maintaining a variety of economic and other pressures on state sponsors of terrorism to deter them from supporting specific acts of terrorism and terrorist groups. The Department encourages other countries to refrain from dealing with state sponsors on a normal basis.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: S/CT, L, INR, PM. EB, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice, Commerce, Treasury.

• Target sources of funding and other material support for terrorists.

The Department works with other agencies to counter terrorist fundraising and other support from individuals, and terrorist use of front organizations/companies. The Department seeks to strengthen domestic and international laws and train foreign officials to curb fundraising and other forms of support from non-government individuals and groups. The Department monitors terrorist groups for designation or redesignation as Foreign Terrorist Organizations pursuant to the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalties Act of 1996.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: S/CT, DS, INR, L.

Lead US. Government Agencies: State, Intelligence Community, Justice, Treasury.

• Improve capabilities of friendly governments to protect their own citizens and Americans citizens and facilities in their counties

The Department is expanding its Antiterrorism Assistance (ATA) program to train security officials of friendly countries to deter and cope with terrorist attacks. The ATA program is a key instrument for our ambassadors and specialists to influence and help train the key institutions that protect Americans abroad. The funding allows for new courses to broaden the scope of training.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: S/CT, DS, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Transportation (FAA), Justice, Treasury.

• Defend against threats or the use of weapons of mass destruction and cyber-warfare by terrorists.

State is developing and implementing training programs for US embassy personnel and host country first-responders and crisis managers in dealing with terrorist incidents involving chemical, biological or radioactive agents. Host country officials are the outer ring of defense and important to consequence management of a major CBR attacks against an American mission abroad.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: S/CT, DS, PM, L, INR, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, DOD, DOE, FEMA, CIA, Justice (FBI).

• Criminalize terrorism, strengthen the rule of law, and oppose concessions to terrorists.

State leads efforts with the G8 to obtain universal adherence to anti-terrorism conventions and to encourage governments to adopt anti-terrorism legislation. The Department seeks Senate ratification of the newly signed International Convention to Suppress Terrorist Bombings; United Nations action on new conventions on nuclear terrorism and funding (which is opening for signature in the year 2000). State also works with foreign governments to assist in the investigation, apprehension and prosecution of terrorist suspects and provides assistance to the Justice Department (FBI) in overseas investigations of terrorist attacks against Americans. State continues to oppose making concessions to terrorists, and works with other governments to encourage similar positions last terrorists be encouraged to conduct future acts.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: S/CT, L, IO, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice (FBI), CIA.

• Develop improved technologies to counter explosives and other terrorist weapons and to foil attacks as they happen.

The interagency Technical Support Working Group (TSWG), with State's leadership, provides funding and a coordinating mechanism for research and development on equipment to prevent and manage the consequences of major attacks, including terrorist use of chemical and biological agents. The Department also coordinates joint R&D exchanges and projects with selected countries.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: S/CT, DS, INR.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, DOD, DOE, Transportation (FAA), Intelligence Community, Justice (FBI), Treasury (Secret Service), and other agencies as appropriate.

• Enhance public diplomacy efforts.

Make effective use of public statements, Congressional testimony, unclassified publications, press contacts, conferences and reward programs to persuade opinion leaders and the general public in priority countries to try to reduce support for and public apathy toward terrorists.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: S/CT, IIP, DS, and Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Terrorists will continue to target US officials, citizens, and facilities and those of friendly countries.
• Overall state support for terrorism will continue even if individual country support declines. Religiously-motivated, ethnic and sectarian terror will grow. Unaffiliated ad hoc terrorists and new amorphous groups will increase. These groups often have uncompromising goals and an ability to obtain funds without depending on state sponsors.
• International cooperation to oppose terrorism will continue to increase, although there will be resistance to imposing economic and other sanctions against oil-producing terrorist states.
• Some terrorists will continue to enjoy public, political and financial support from individuals who view terrorism as necessary for their cause, thus requiring public diplomacy to help de-glamorize terrorists and additional efforts to curb financial flows.
• The number of international terrorism incidents will continue to decline, but terrorists will increasingly use more lethal explosives, and seek higher casualties.
• Terrorists will become more sophisticated technologically. Electronic communications and infrastructure systems will be increasingly vulnerable to terrorist attacks. The danger of terrorist use of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear materiel will grow.
• To bolster the security forces of friendly countries, training will need to be increased, be expanded to more nations, and include a broader range of subjects. US Government components will need continued inter-agency and international exercises.

INDICATORS:

• The number and severity of terrorist attacks against American citizens and interests, and the trend in international terrorism worldwide.
• The level of coordination and cooperation among friendly governments in sharing information, techniques, R& D projects, and antiterrorism training.
• Adherence to international treaties on terrorist crimes, including prosecution, extradition, and mutual legal assistance obligations, including new conventions on suppression of terrorist bombings and fundraising.
• The number of officials receiving training, and evaluations of the success of that training.

NATIONAL INTEREST: DEMOCRACY

GOAL: Open political systems and societies to democratic practices, the rule of law, good governance and respect for human rights.

Democracy and respect for human and labor rights are central components of US foreign policy. Supporting democracy not only promotes such fundamental American values as religious freedom and worker rights, but also helps create a more secure and prosperous world in which the United States can advance its national interests. The United States supports progress toward democratic governance. We provide support for countries in transition, defend democracies under attack, and strengthen the network of established democracies.

The Department of State plays a leadership role in coordinating US policy on democracy, human rights and labor. Through its relations with foreign governments and multilateral organizations, State actively encourages the growth of democratic culture, including respect for human rights and core labor standards. Through the annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices State provides the benchmark for assessing human right practices around the world. Through its coordination of US agencies that provide development assistance, State provides tangible financial and technical support for democracy and human rights programs, including activities related to conflict prevention and resolution. State also allocates Economic Support Funds for building democracy and manages funds appropriated under the Foreign Assistance Act for targeted democracy assistance, including the Democracy and Human Rights Fund.

STRATEGIES:

• Support transitions to democratic political systems that foster the growth and self-fulfillment of citizens by promoting and protecting their political and civil rights.

State provides overall policy direction and coordination for USG support for democracy, including countries in transition to democracy, and democratic forces in non-democratic countries. State sets the diplomatic framework for efforts to promote democracy and directs Economic Support Funds to countries and regions of emphasis.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: DRL, Regional Bureaus, PA, IIP, ECA, INL, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, DOD, Justice.

• Secure international recognition and acceptance of democracy as a universal human right. Take advantage of bilateral and international forums to encourage democratic transitions, prevent conflict, and promote human rights, including worker rights and religious freedom.

State provides policy leadership in international organizations to support human rights and democracy activities. State conducts outreach with key non-governmental organizations working to strengthen human rights and democracy.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: DRL, IO, EB, Regional Bureaus, PA, IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Labor, Treasury, Commerce.

• Promote respect for human rights and take action to prevent and limit human rights crises.

State provides leadership to advance human rights through bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, the formulation of broad new initiatives, and the publication of the annualCountry Reports on Human Rights Practices.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: DRL, IO, PA, IIP, ECA, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, DOD.

• Through assistance, exchanges and international broadcasting, encourage the development -- from the bottom up and from the top down -- of democratic political systems that enjoy free and fair elections; respect for human rights; a robust civil society; the rule of law, characterized by vibrant political institutions, constitutionalism, and an independent judiciary; an independent media capable of engaging an informed citizenry; freedom of religion and belief; mechanisms to safeguard minorities from oppressive rule by the majority; and full respect for women's and workers' rights.

State plays a leadership role in policy development, working with USAID to formulate priorities in the assistance process. State also oversees allocation of Economic Support Funds to countries where assistance policies are politically sensitive and/or closely tied to bilateral and regional short-term foreign policy requirements.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: DRL, PA,OES, Regional Bureaus, IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, BIB.

• Promote respect for and enforcement of labor rights.

State promotes worker rights through multilateral and bilateral relationships, as well as through direct contact with trade unions and non-governmental organizations. State works closely with and on behalf of workers around the world in an effort to promote both fundamental worker rights and democracy

Responsible State Dept. Offices: DRL, EB, Regional Bureaus, PA, IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Labor, USAID.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Dictators will resist giving up power, deny the universality of human rights, and oppose efforts by multilateral forums to investigate and report on human rights abuses.
• Awareness of and desire for democratic governance will continue to grow in repressive societies.
• The American people support efforts to promote democracy and human rights overseas.
• Public exposure of human rights violations may mitigate repressive practices in some countries.
• The international community will isolate rogue regimes that commit gross human rights violations.
• Working conditions are improved when there are both compliance with and enforcement of labor standards.

INDICATORS:

• Increases in the number of democratic governments, as measured by USG and NGO assessments.
• Passage by the United Nations General Assembly of a Declaration on the Right to Democracy.
• Number of abuses reported over time in US Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and Annual Reports on International Religious Freedom.
• Establishment of new International Labor Organization office to promote core labor standards.
• Increases in the number of government-faith dialogues on religious freedom.

NATIONAL INTEREST: HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE

GOAL: Prevent or minimize the human costs of conflict and natural disasters.

As evidenced in both their opinions and their behavior, the American people believe that they and their government should be leaders in helping those suffering from natural or manmade disasters - even when there may be no threat to US security interests.

The Department of State takes the lead in diplomatic efforts, public affairs, and public diplomacy to prevent conflict. It is also the coordination hub for initiating USG responses to conflict-driven humanitarian crises. State, through its comprehensive worldwide network of posts, provides early warning of developing crises, triggers interagency decision-making, helps to coordinate international responses by other donor countries and international organizations, and often plays a key role in implementation in the field.

STRATEGIES:

• Identify situations likely to cause conflict that could lead to humanitarian crises, and seek to defuse the situations and prevent conflict from erupting.
• Anticipate or predict natural disasters that could lead to mass displacements of population, disease, starvation, or economic disruption, and take steps to mitigate the consequences.

State, because of its extensive diplomatic influence and reporting capacity even in the most remote parts of the world, provides early warning about evolving situations that could lead to humanitarian crises. State engages in diplomatic efforts and public diplomacy bilaterally, multilaterally, and in international forums in an effort to prevent or minimize conflict through negotiated settlement.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: Regional Bureaus, PRM, IO, IIP, ECA, INR, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, Intelligence Community.

• Provide USG support and leadership for international efforts to protect refugees and meet the urgent needs of conflict victims.

State actively participates in international forums that define and protect the rights of refugees and conflict victims, and engages in bilateral and multilateral advocacy and public diplomacy on behalf of these rights. State is responsible for financial support to international assistance efforts for refugees and conflict victims, and works closely with USAID on other humanitarian assistance programs.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: PRM, IO, Regional Bureaus, IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID.

• Work with international organizations to improve the speed and effectiveness of their emergency response capabilities, and strengthen partnerships with NGOs to build their capacity to address humanitarian crises.

State works with governing bodies of relevant international institutions to press these organizations to have fully-developed emergency response plans. State directly funds selected IO and NGO capacity-building programs. State supports UN information collection and dissemination activities related to complex humanitarian emergencies.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: PRM, IO.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID.

• Work with INS to implement humane and equitable refugee admission and asylum policies and programs (including temporary protected status), in accordance with international and domestic law.

State coordinates, funds, and manages overseas refugee admissions programs. State advises the Department of Justice on the adjudication of asylum cases and on the granting of Temporary Protected Status. (Note: the Department of Justice has adjudicatory authority for all refugee admissions, asylum cases, and the granting of Temporary Protected Status.)

Responsible State Dept. Offices: PRM, DRL, Regional Bureaus, CA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Justice (INS).

• Support humanitarian demining programs designed to reduce human suffering, promote regional stability, and facilitate the reintegration of refugees and internally displaced persons, and assist in achieving the goal of a mine-safe world by the year 2010.

State chairs the Interagency Working Group on Humanitarian Demining (IWG), which sets US humanitarian demining policy and decides which nations will receive US assistance. State works closely with the Department of Defense, USAID and other IWG members to coordinate US assistance and ensure the development of indigenous humanitarian demining programs. The funds for the State Department's portion are allocated from Foreign Operations funds for Non-Proliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs (NADR).

Responsible State Dept. Offices: PM, PRM, IO, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, DoD.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• In some instances, preventive diplomacy can avert conflict and humanitarian crises.
• Commercial, foreign, and US Government technological capabilities to predict or anticipate natural disasters will not decline, and international cooperation in information-sharing will continue at least at current levels.
• US leadership in responding to conflict-driven crises can leverage international participation and draw in the support of other donors.
• International media coverage plays a major role in determining the level of public support for humanitarian response and the USG role in providing that response.
• The extent and nature of a conflict can inhibit international humanitarian efforts. In some instances, peace-keeping operations will be necessary to permit the delivery of relief.
• A host nation's capacity and level of cooperation directly affect the efficacy of any humanitarian response effort.

INDICATORS:

• The number of potential conflicts accurately identified, and for which diplomatic preventive efforts were subsequently developed.
• Crude mortality rates for refugee and conflict-affected populations that are being assisted by the international community.
• Reduction of existing refugee populations through local integration, repatriation or resettlement.
• Adequate emergency response by key IOs and NGOs involved in humanitarian assistance -- i.e., response that is timely, well-coordinated, and efficacious (as measured by death rates).
• Injuries attributable to land mines remaining in civilian areas.

NATIONAL INTEREST: GLOBAL ISSUES: ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND POPULATION

GOAL: Secure a sustainable global environment to protect US citizens and interests from the effects of international environmental degradation.

The global environment has a profound impact on the United States, its citizens and its national interests. Pollution crosses borders and oceans, affecting the health and prosperity of Americans. Competition for natural resources can lead to instability and conflict, threatening political, economic, and other US interests. The international community is currently negotiating and implementing agreements that, taken together, will comprise the international environmental architecture for decades. US leadership is essential to resolving international environmental problems and ensuring that the emerging environmental regime protects US interests. Domestic and international NGOs and the private sector are integral to our efforts to address the international environmental agenda.

The Department of State is responsible for developing the framework for international environmental policy and coordinating the international environmental activities of US agencies. Working bilaterally, regionally, and through multilateral organizations, State builds relationships to promote environmental collaboration and address transboundary environmental problems. State is also responsible for negotiating international environmental agreements and treaties that advance our environmental goals and protect our economic and national security interests.

STRATEGIES:

• Conclude key multilateral negotiations on climate change, hazardous chemicals, and marine resources with agreements that advance our environmental agenda and protect our economic interests.

State, working with USAID, EPA and other technical agencies, leads the negotiation of international agreements and treaties, and obtains accession by other countries to environmental agreements.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, L, Regional Bureaus, IO, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State.

• Improve the implementation of, and compliance with, international commitments and treaties dealing with oceans and the environment.

State works with USAID, EPA, NOAA, Justice, Transportation (Coast Guard), and other USG agencies to address treaty violations and build capacity to comply with international agreements.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, L, Regional Bureaus, H, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, EPA, NOAA, Justice, DoT (Coast Guard).

• Strengthen bilateral and regional dialogues with Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Central America, the European Union, and the South Africa Development Community (SADC).

State establishes the policy basis for bilateral environmental engagement, and works with Interior, Commerce, EPA, and USAID to incorporate environmental issues into our diplomatic agendas.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, Regional Bureaus, PA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State.

• Use development assistance to improve the capacity of developing and transitioning countries to protect the environment, comply with international obligations, and promote cooperation on transboundary environmental issues.

Within the broad policy framework established by State, State and USAID develop policies and programs to address environmental degradation and build the capacity of developing countries to comply with international agreements.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, DRL, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: USAID.

• Enhance communication with the business sector, NGOs, the American public, and foreign audiences on international environmental issues.

Given the central role of civil society in framing the debate on international environmental issues, State leads an active international outreach effort bilaterally, multilaterally, and directly with civil society.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, PA, IIP, ECA.

Lead US Government Agencies: State and USAID.

• Address the growing nexus of trade and environmental issues to achieve both our economic development and environmental protection objectives.

State, working with EPA, Treasury, Commerce, and USAID, plays a role in shaping environmentally responsible trade agreements, policies, and practices, and harmonizing environmental agreements with broader trade regimes.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: EB, OES.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, Treasury, and USTR.

• Reform and reinvigorate international institutions and mechanisms to more effectively address international environmental problems.

State formulates USG policy pertaining to UN agencies and organizations.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, IO.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID.

• Promote international science and technology cooperation to improve understanding of international environmental issues.

State has statutory responsibility for coordinating the international science and technology activities of federal agencies.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, EPA, Commerce, NSF, USDA, DOE, Interior, and USAID.

• Promote international mechanisms that sustainably manage the earth's natural systems.

State, working with USAID and other USG technical agencies, leads efforts to address multilateral or transboundary environment, science, and technology challenges, such as forests, invasive species, and freshwater, that are best resolved through joint initiatives.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, EPA, NOAA, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, and DoD (Army Corps of Engineers).

ASSUMPTIONS

• US leadership is essential to protect the international environment and to ensure that UN and international institutions efficiently promote sustainable development.
• International environmental agreements concluded or currently under negotiation will define the international environmental architecture for years to come, and can promote sustainable environmental policies that protect our economic interests.
• NGOs, business, and the general public will shape the international environmental agenda, with governments more often than not being reactive.
• Extensive interactions with civil society require increased use of advanced communications technology.

INDICATORS

• Status of multilateral environmental treaties and other agreements.
• Status of coalitions to protect and advance US environmental and economic interests.
• Level of international expenditure on international environmental activities.

NATIONAL INTEREST: GLOBAL ISSUES: ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND POPULATION

GOAL: Achieve a healthy and sustainable world population.

Achieving healthy and sustainable world population growth is vital to US interests. Economic and social progress in other countries can be undermined by rapid population growth, which overburdens the quality and availability of public services, limits employment opportunities, and contributes to environmental degradation. Not only will early stabilization of the world's population at sustainable levels promote environmentally sound economic development in other countries, it will also benefit the US by improving trade opportunities and mitigating future global crises. There is now broad international consensus on the need for a comprehensive approach to population stabilization which, along with family planning services, incorporates reproductive rights and other components of reproductive health, women's socio-economic, political, and educational status, and the special needs of adolescents.

The Department of State plays a crucial role in developing a receptive political environment for the implementation of progressive population programs and related social programs. Policy coordination, public diplomacy, bilateral and multilateral advocacy and negotiation, and coordination of international efforts are all vital State contributions.

STRATEGIES:

• Coordinate USG policy dialogues with foreign governments to develop strategies to achieve policy and programmatic goals agreed to by the international community in the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Program of Action (PoA), including: interrelationships between population and development; empowerment of women to advance gender equality; attainment of the highest possible level of health for all; family planning and other reproductive health; elimination of disparities in access to education by women and girls; and reduction of push factors in migration and the proper treatment of international migrants.

State, because of its extensive diplomatic influence and reporting capacity, combined with USAID's programmatic leadership, monitors on a regular basis foreign government efforts to implement the ICPD PoA and future actions called for in the 1999 five-year review of the "ICPD+5." State participates in bilateral, regional, and multilateral meetings and expert groups to discuss ICPD implementation.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: PRM, IO, Regional Bureaus, , IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID.

• Advise and provide leadership to multilateral, international and non-governmental organizations working on programs to implement the ICPD PoA.

State coordinates directly with US and foreign-based NGOs and international organizations involved in family planning and reproductive health activities. State routinely hosts meetings with these organizations to share best practices and lessons learned and to promote programmatic cooperation and coordination.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: PRM, IO.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID.

• Increase awareness of population issues; promote the integration of population issues into broader economic growth and sustainable development strategies.

State, through the MPP process, establishes annual population goals for relevant posts. State regularly participates in public speaking events, other forms of outreach, and public diplomacy. State also hosts conferences, such as the 1999 conference on "Women, Population, and Science in the New Millennium."

Responsible State Dept. Offices: PRM, Regional Bureaus, PA, IIP, ECA, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agency: State.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Congressional support for US population and family planning assistance programs will be maintained.
• International consensus reached in the ICPD Program of Action will be maintained.
• Complementary national population stabilization and development activities, such as basic education for girls and microcredit programs for women, are concurrent national government priorities.
• ICPD PoA continues to be implemented by donors, program countries, and international and non-governmental organizations.

INDICATORS:

• Improved national population policy environment and resource allocation in foreign countries.
• Successful "ICPD+5" review, including no substantive policy changes to the Program of Action.
• Increased availability of modern family planning services and other reproductive health care for individuals requesting such services.
• Total fertility rates maintained or decreased as compared to the previous 5-10 years.
• Increased public appreciation for the impact of ICPD goals and objectives on people's lives, especially in the developing world.
• Number of countries expressing interest in a policy dialogue on integrating population and development policies.

NATIONAL INTEREST: GLOBAL ISSUES: ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND POPULATION

GOAL: Strengthen International Health Capabilities.

The United States has a direct interest in safeguarding the health of Americans and in preventing the threats posed by diseases worldwide. Epidemic and endemic diseases can undermine economic growth and stability, and threaten the political security of nations, regions and the international community.

The Department of State has responsibility for foreign policy issues surrounding international health, particularly for emerging infectious diseases of epidemic or pandemic proportions, which pose a serious threat to American citizens and the international community. State engages senior political leaders and government officials across multiple sectors to create awareness that emerging and endemic diseases are national security and economic problems that must be addressed. Through its membership in international organizations and on interagency task forces on emerging infectious diseases, State assists the development of a global surveillance and response network for infectious diseases. State's role is to negotiate international agreements and develop international partnerships and collaboration to enhance global capacity for surveillance and response to key disease threats.

STRATEGIES:

• Secure increased political and economic commitment from foreign governments to address global health threats, such as emerging infectious diseases as a high priority on their national agenda.

State interacts with foreign government leaders to raise the level of national political and financial commitment accorded to healthcare by governments and international institutions, particularly as it relates to enhanced surveillance and response to emerging infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID.

• Establish and enhance international collaborations to improve global capacity to meet the challenges posed by major health threats.

State acts as a catalyst, leveraging US technical expertise with funding from international and national sources, to further US foreign policy objectives in the area of international health and science with particular emphasis on initiatives with EU, Russia, Africa, Asia, and other strategic areas.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, HHS, DOD.

• Coordinate US international response to outbreaks of infectious diseases.

US embassies, working with other federal agencies, coordinate the US response to outbreaks of diseases in foreign lands when US assistance is requested by national governments. Working with the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and other agencies, State helps to facilitate public and private sector efforts to stem the spread of infectious diseases entering the US and to identify potential vulnerabilities that might pose a threat to the US by the transmission of diseases through international travel or trade. State works with other agencies (CDC, Transportation) and other governments to reduce exposure by US residents to the threat of infectious diseases through enhanced disease outbreak response procedures and a more effective alert/response network.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, HHS (CDC), DOD, Transportation.

• Strengthen policy support for health-related science and technology, child survival objectives, global healthcare advances, and for improvement of health delivery systems internationally.

State works with developing and transitional economies, multilateral and regional institutions, and the private sector to promote opportunities for technical collaboration and partnerships on health care delivery, surveillance and response to threats posed by infectious diseases.

Responsible State Dept. Offices: OES, Regional Bureaus, Overseas Missions.

Lead US Government Agencies: State, USAID, HHS, DOD.

ASSUMPTIONS:

• NGO's, PVO and multilateral development institutions will play increasingly important roles in combating disease, but US Government leadership and contributions will remain essential.
• Without US leadership, global disease surveillance and response capacity will remain inadequate, posing a threat to US citizens.
• Use of advanced information technology will be essential to improve surveillance and response capabilities.

INDICATORS:

• Level of political commitment to enhancement of healthcare infrastructures, and multilateral/regional action to fight infectious diseases and HIV/AIDS.
• Levels of public/private investment in addressing infectious disease problems (i.e., TB, malaria, HIV/AIDS) that are designated as priority global health threats.
• Number of partnerships and level of international collaboration to strengthen capabilities for surveillance and response to infectious diseases, including strengthened outbreak response procedures, where needed.

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