TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA AND THE UNION OF
SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON THE LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC
OFFENSIVE ARMS, TOGETHER WITH AGREED STATEMENTS AND COMMON
UNDERSTANDINGS REGARDING THE TREATY*
Signed at Vienna June 18, 1979
The United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, hereinafter
referred to
as the Parties,
Conscious that nuclear war would have devastating consequences for all
mankind,
Proceeding from the Basic Principles of Relations Between the United States of
America and the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of May 29, 1972,
Attaching particular significance to the limitation of strategic arms and determined to
continue
their efforts begun with the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems and the
Interim Agreement on Certain Measures with Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive
Arms, of May 26, 1972,
Convinced that the additional measures limiting strategic offensive arms provided for
in this
Treaty will contribute to the improvement of relations between the Parties, help to reduce the risk
of outbreak of nuclear war and strengthen international peace and security,
Mindful of their obligations under Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear
Weapons,
Guided by the principle of equality and equal security,
Recognizing that the strengthening of strategic stability meets the interests of the
Parties and the
interests of international security,
Reaffirming their desire to take measures for the further limitation and for the further
reduction
of strategic arms, having in mind the goal of achieving general and complete disarmament,
Declaring their intention to undertake in the near future negotiations further to limit
and further
to reduce strategic offensive arms,
Have agreed as follows:
Article I
Each Party undertakes, in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty, to limit strategic
offensive arms quantitatively and qualitatively, to exercise restraint in the development of new
types of strategic offensive arms, and to adopt other measures provided for in this Treaty.
Article II
For the purposes of this Treaty:
1. Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) launchers are land-based launchers of ballistic
missiles capable of a range in excess of the shortest distance between the northeastern border of
the continental part of the territory of the United States of America and the northwestern border
of the continental part of the territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, that is, a range
in excess of 5,500 kilometers.
* The text of the SALT II Treaty and Protocol, as signed in Vienna, is accompanied by a set of
Agreed Statements and Common Understandings, also signed by President Carter and General
Secretary Brezhnev, which is prefaced as follows:
In connection with the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of
Soviet
Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, the Parties have agreed on the
following Agreed Statements and Common Understandings undertaken on behalf of the
Government of the United States and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics:
As an aid to the reader, the texts of the Agreed Statements and Common Understandings
are
beneath the articles of the Treaty or Protocol to which they pertain.
First Agreed Statement. The term "intercontinental ballistic missile launchers," as defined
in
paragraph 1 of Article II of the Treaty, includes all launchers which have been developed and
tested for launching ICBMs. If a launcher has been developed and tested for launching an ICBM,
all launchers of that type shall be considered to have been developed and tested for launching
ICBMs.
First Common Understanding. If a launcher contains or launches an ICBM, that launcher
shall
be considered to have been developed and tested for launching ICBMs.
Second Common Understanding. If a launcher has been developed and tested for
launching an
ICBM, all launchers of that type, except for ICBM test and training launchers, shall be included
in the aggregate numbers of strategic offensive arms provided for in Article III of the Treaty,
pursuant to the provisions of Article VI of the Treaty.
Third Common Understanding. The one hundred and seventy-seven former Atlas and
Titan I
ICBM launchers of the United States of America, which are no longer operational and are
partially dismantled, shall not be considered as subject to the limitations provided for in the
Treaty.
Second Agreed Statement. After the date on which the Protocol ceases to be in force,
mobile
ICBM launchers shall be subject to the relevant limitations provided for in the Treaty which are
applicable to ICBM launchers, unless the Parties agree that mobile ICBM launchers shall not be
deployed after that date.
2. Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) launchers are launchers of ballistic missiles
installed on any nuclear-powered submarine or launchers of modern ballistic missiles installed on
any submarine, regardless of its type.
Agreed Statement. Modern submarine-launched ballistic missiles are: for the United States
of
America, missiles installed in all nuclear-powered submarines; for the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, missiles of the type installed in nuclear-powered submarines made operational since
1965; and for both Parties, submarine-launched ballistic missiles first flight-tested since 1965
and installed in any submarine, regardless of its type.
3. Heavy bombers are considered to be:
(a) currently, for the United States of America, bombers of the B-52 and B-1 types, and for
the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, bombers of the Tupolev-95 and Myasishchev types;
(b) in the future, types of bombers which can carry out the mission of a heavy bomber in a
manner similar or superior to that of bombers listed in subparagraph (a) above;
(c) types of bombers equipped for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600
kilometers;
and
(d) types of bombers equipped for ASBMs.
First Agreed Statement. The term "bombers," as used in paragraph 3 of Article II and other
provisions of the Treaty, means airplanes of types initially constructed to be equipped for bombs
or missiles.
Second Agreed Statement. The Parties shall notify each other on a case-by-case basis in
the
Standing Consultative Commission of inclusion of types of bombers as heavy bombers pursuant
to the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article II of the Treaty; in this connection the Parties shall
hold consultations, as appropriate, consistent with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article XVII
of the Treaty.
Third Agreed Statement. The criteria the Parties shall use to make case-by-case
determinations
of which types of bombers in the future can carry out the mission of a heavy bomber in a manner
similar or superior to that of current heavy bombers, as referred to in subparagraph 3(b) of
Article II of the Treaty, shall be agreed upon in the Standing Consultative Commission.
Fourth Agreed Statement. Having agreed that every bomber of a type included in
paragraph 3
of Article II of the Treaty is to be considered a heavy bomber, the Parties further agree that:
(a) airplanes which otherwise would be bombers of a heavy bomber type shall not be
considered
to be bombers of a heavy bomber type if they have functionally related observable differences
which indicate that they cannot perform the mission of a heavy bomber;
(b) airplanes which otherwise would be bombers of a type equipped for cruise missiles
capable of
a range in excess of 600 kilometers shall not be considered to be bombers of a type equipped for
cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers if they have functionally related
observable differences which indicate that they cannot perform the mission of a bomber equipped
for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers, except that heavy bombers of
current types, as designated in subparagraph 3(a) of Article II of the Treaty, which otherwise
would be of a type equipped for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers
shall not be considered to be heavy bombers of a type equipped for cruise missiles capable of a
range in excess of 600 kilometers if they are distinguishable on the basis of externally observable
differences from heavy bombers of a type equipped for cruise missiles capable of a range in
excess of 600 kilometers; and
(c) airplanes which otherwise would be bombers of a type equipped for ASBMs shall not be
considered to be bombers of a type equipped for ASBMs if they have functionally related
observable differences which indicate that they cannot perform the mission of a bomber equipped
for ASBMs, except that heavy bombers of current types, as designated in subparagraph 3(a) of
Article II of the Treaty, which otherwise would be of a type equipped for ASBMs shall not be
considered to be heavy bombers of a type equipped for ASBMs if they are distinguishable on the
basis of externally observable differences from heavy bombers of a type equipped for ASBMs.
First Common Understanding. Functionally related observable differences are differences
in
the observable features of airplanes which indicate whether or not these airplanes can perform the
mission of a heavy bomber, or whether or not they can perform the mission of a bomber
equipped for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers or whether or not they
can perform the mission of a bomber equipped for ASBMs. Functionally related observable
differences shall be verifiable by national technical means. To this end, the Parties may take, as
appropriate, cooperative measures contributing to the effectiveness of verification by national
technical means.
Fifth Agreed Statement. Tupolev-142 airplanes in their current configuration, that is, in the
configuration for anti-submarine warfare, are considered to be airplanes of a type different from
types of heavy bombers referred to in subparagraph 3(a) of Article II of the Treaty and not
subject to the Fourth Agreed Statement to paragraph 3 of Article II of the Treaty. This Agreed
Statement does not preclude improvement of Tupolev-142 airplanes as an anti-submarine system,
and does not prejudice or set a precedent for designation in the future of types of airplanes as
heavy bombers pursuant to subparagraph 3(b) of Article II of the Treaty or for application of the
Fourth Agreed Statement to paragraph 3 of Article II of the Treaty to such airplanes.
Second Common Understanding. Not later than six months after entry into force of the
Treaty
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics will give its thirty-one Myasishchev airplanes used as
tankers in existence as of the date of signature of the Treaty functionally related observable
differences which indicate that they cannot perform the mission of a heavy bomber.
Third Common Understanding. The designations by the United States of America and by
the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics for heavy bombers referred to in subparagraph 3(a) of
Article II of the Treaty correspond in the following manner:
Heavy bombers of the types designated by the United States of America as the B-52 and
the
B-1 are known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics by the same designations;
Heavy bombers of the type designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the
Tupolev-95 are known to the United States of America as heavy bombers of the Bear type;
and
Heavy bombers of the type designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the
Myasishchev are known to the United States of America as heavy bombers of the Bison type.
4. Air-to-surface ballistic missiles (ASBMs) are any such missiles capable of a range in
excess of 600 kilometers and installed in an aircraft or on its external mountings.
5. Launchers of ICBMs and SLBMs equipped with multiple independently targetable
reentry
vehicles (MIRVs) are launchers of the types developed and tested for launching ICBMs or
SLBMs equipped with MIRVs.
First Agreed Statement. If a launcher has been developed and tested for launching an
ICBM or
an SLBM equipped with MIRVs, all launchers of that type shall be considered to have been
developed and tested for launching ICBMs or SLBMs equipped with MIRVs.
First Common Understanding. If a launcher contains or launches an ICBM or an SLBM
equipped with MIRVs, that launcher shall be considered to have been developed and tested for
launching ICBMs or SLBMs equipped with MIRVs.
Second Common Understanding. If a launcher has been developed and tested for
launching an
ICBM or an SLBM equipped with MIRVs, all launchers of that type, except for ICBM and
SLBM test and training launchers, shall be included in the corresponding aggregate numbers
provided for in Article V of the Treaty, pursuant to the provisions of Article VI of the Treaty.
Second Agreed Statement. ICBMs and SLBMs equipped with MIRVs are ICBMs and
SLBMs
of the types which have been flight-tested with two or more independently targetable reentry
vehicles, regardless of whether or not they have also been flight-tested with a single reentry
vehicle or with multiple reentry vehicles which are not independently targetable. As of the date
of signature of the Treaty, such ICBMs and SLBMs are: for the United States of America,
Minuteman III ICBMs, Poseidon C-3 SLBMs, and Trident C-4 SLBMs; and for the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics, RS-16, RS-18, RS-20 ICBMs and RSM-50 SLBMs.
Each Party will notify the other Party in the Standing Consultative Commission on a
case-by-case basis of the designation of the one new type of light ICBM, if equipped with
MIRVs, permitted pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article IV of the Treaty when first flight-tested; of
designations of additional types of SLBMs equipped with MIRVs when first installed on a
submarine; and of designations of types of ASBMs equipped with MIRVs when first
flight-tested.
Third Common Understanding. The designations by the United States of America and by
the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics for ICBMs and SLBMs equipped with MIRVs correspond in
the following manner:
-- Missiles of the type designated by the United States of America as the Minuteman III and
known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics by the same designation, a light ICBM that
has been flight-tested with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles;
-- Missiles of the types designated by the United States of America as the Poseidon C-3 and
known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics by the same designation, an SLBM that
was first flight-tested in 1968 and that has been flight-tested with multiple independently
targetable reentry vehicles;
-- Missiles of the type designated by the United States of America as the Trident C-4 and
known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics by the same designation, an SLBM that
was first flight-tested in 1977 and that has been flight-tested with multiple independently
targetable reentry vehicles;
-- Missiles of the type designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the RS-16 and
known to the United States of America as the SS-17, a light ICBM that has been flight-tested
with a single reentry vehicle and with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles;
-- Missiles of the type designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the RS-18 and
known to the United States of America as the SS-19, the heaviest in terms of launch-weight
and throw-weight of light ICBMs, which has been flight-tested with a single reentry vehicle
and with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles;
-- Missiles of the type designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the RS-20 and
known to the United States of America as the SS-18, the heaviest in terms of launch-weight
and throw-weight of heavy ICBMs, which has been flight-tested with a single reentry vehicle
and with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles;
-- Missiles of the type designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the RSM-50
and known to the United States of America as the SS-N-18, an SLBM that has been
flight-tested with a single reentry vehicle and with multiple independently targetable reentry
vehicles.
Third Agreed Statement. Reentry vehicles are independently targetable:
(a) if, after separation from the booster, maneuvering and targeting of the reentry vehicles
to
separate aim points along trajectories which are unrelated to each other are accomplished by
means of devices which are installed in a self-contained dispensing mechanism or on the reentry
vehicles, and which are based on the use of electronic or other computers in combination with
devices using jet engines, including rocket engines, or aerodynamic systems;
(b) if maneuvering and targeting of the reentry vehicles to separate aim points along
trajectories which are unrelated to each other are accomplished by means of other devices which
may be developed in the future.
Fourth Common Understanding. For the purposes of this Treaty, all ICBM launchers in the
Derazhnya and Pervomaysk areas in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics are included in the
aggregate numbers provided for in Article V of the Treaty.
Fifth Common Understanding. If ICBM or SLBM launchers are converted, constructed or
undergo significant changes to their principal observable structural design features after entry
into force of the Treaty, any such launchers which are launchers of missiles equipped with
MIRVs shall be distinguishable from launchers of missiles not equipped with MIRVs, and any
such launchers which are launchers of missiles not equipped with MIRVs shall be
distinguishable from launchers of missiles equipped with MIRVs, on the basis of externally
observable design features of the launchers. Submarines with launchers of SLBMs equipped with
MIRVs shall be distinguishable from submarines with launchers of SLBMs not equipped with
MIRVs on the basis of externally observable design features of the submarines.
This Common Understanding does not require changes to launcher conversion or
construction programs, or to programs including significant changes to the principal observable
structural design features of launchers, underway as of the date of signature of the Treaty.
6. ASBMs equipped with MIRVs are ASBMs of the types which have been flight-tested with
MIRVs.
First Agreed Statement. ASBMs of the types which have been flight-tested with MIRVs are
all
ASBMs of the types which have been flight-tested with two or more independently targetable
reentry vehicles, regardless of whether or not they have also been flight-tested with a single
reentry vehicle or with multiple reentry vehicles which are not independently targetable.
Second Agreed Statement. Reentry vehicles are independently targetable:
(a) if, after separation from the booster, maneuvering and targeting of the reentry vehicles
to
separate aim points along trajectories which are unrelated to each other are accomplished by
means of devices which are installed in a self-contained dispensing mechanism or on the reentry
vehicles, and which are based on the use of electronic or other computers in combination with
devices using jet engines, including rocket engines, or aerodynamic systems;
(b) if maneuvering and targeting of the reentry vehicles to separate aim points along
trajectories which are unrelated to each other are accomplished by means of other devices which
may be developed in the future.
7. Heavy ICBMs are ICBMs which have a launch-weight greater or a throw-weight greater
than that of the heaviest, in terms of either launch-weight or throw-weight, respectively, of the
light ICBMs deployed by either Party as of the date of signature of this Treaty.
First Agreed Statement. The launch-weight of an ICBM is the weight of the fully loaded
missile itself at the time of launch.
Second Agreed Statement. The throw-weight of an ICBM is the sum of the weight of:
(a) its reentry vehicle or reentry vehicles;
(b) any self-contained dispensing mechanisms or other appropriate devices for targeting
one
reentry vehicle, or for releasing or for dispensing and targeting two or more reentry vehicles;
and
(c) its penetration aids, including devices for their release.
Common Understanding. The term "other appropriate devices," as used in the definition of
the
throw-weight of an ICBM in the Second Agreed Statement to paragraph 7 of Article II of the
Treaty, means any devices for dispensing and targeting two or more reentry vehicles; and any
devices for releasing two or more reentry vehicles or for targeting one reentry vehicle, which
cannot provide their reentry vehicles or reentry vehicle with additional velocity of more than
1,000 meters per second.
8. Cruise missiles are unmanned, self-propelled, guided, weapon-delivery vehicles which
sustain flight through the use of aerodynamic lift over most of their flight path and which are
flight-tested from or deployed on aircraft, that is, air-launched cruise missiles, or such vehicles
which are referred to as cruise missiles in subparagraph 1(b) of Article IX.
First Agreed Statement. If a cruise missile is capable of a range in excess of 600
kilometers, all
cruise missiles of that type shall be considered to be cruise missiles capable of a range in excess
of 600 kilometers.
First Common Understanding. If a cruise missile has been flight-tested to a range in
excess of
600 kilometers, it shall be considered to be a cruise missile capable of a range in excess of 600
kilometers.
Second Common Understanding. Cruise missiles not capable of a range in excess of 600
kilometers shall not be considered to be of a type capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers if
they are distinguishable on the basis of externally observable design features from cruise missiles
of types capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers.
Second Agreed Statement. The range of which a cruise missile is capable is the maximum
distance which can be covered by the missile in its standard design mode flying until fuel
exhaustion, determined by projecting its flight path onto the Earths sphere from the point of
launch to the point of impact.
Third Agreed Statement. If an unmanned, self-propelled, guided vehicle which sustains
flight
through the use of aerodynamic lift over most of its flight path has been flight-tested or deployed
for weapon delivery, all vehicles of that type shall be considered to be weapon-delivery
vehicles.
Third Common Understanding. Unmanned, self-propelled, guided vehicles which sustain
flight through the use of aerodynamic lift over most of their flight path and are not
weapon-delivery vehicles, that is, unarmed, pilotless, guided vehicles, shall not be considered to
be cruise missiles if such vehicles are distinguishable from cruise missiles on the basis of
externally observable design features.
Fourth Common Understanding. Neither Party shall convert unarmed, pilotless, guided
vehicles into cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers, nor shall either Party
convert cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers into unarmed, pilotless,
guided vehicles.
Fifth Common Understanding. Neither Party has plans during the term of the Treaty to
flight-test from or deploy on aircraft unarmed, pilotless, guided vehicles which are capable of a
range in excess of 600 kilometers. In the future, should a Party have such plans, that Party will
provide notification thereof to the other Party well in advance of such flight-testing or
deployment. This Common Understanding does not apply to target drones.
Article III
1. Upon entry into force of this Treaty, each Party undertakes to limit ICBM launchers,
SLBM launchers, heavy bombers, and ASBMs to an aggregate number not to exceed 2,400.
2. Each Party undertakes to limit, from January 1, 1981, strategic offensive arms referred
to
in paragraph 1 of this Article to an aggregate number not to exceed 2,250, and to initiate
reductions of those arms which as of that date would be in excess of this aggregate number.
3. Within the aggregate numbers provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article and
subject to the provisions of this Treaty, each Party has the right to determine the composition of
these aggregates.
4. For each bomber of a type equipped for ASBMs, the aggregate numbers provided for in
paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall include the maximum number of such missiles for which
a bomber of that type is equipped for one operational mission.
5. A heavy bomber equipped only for ASBMs shall not itself be included in the aggregate
numbers provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.
6. Reductions of the numbers of strategic offensive arms required to comply with the
provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall be carried out as provided for in Article XI.
Article IV
1. Each Party undertakes not to start construction of additional fixed ICBM launchers.
2. Each Party undertakes not to relocate fixed ICBM launchers.
3. Each Party undertakes not to convert launchers of light ICBMs, or of ICBMs of older
types deployed prior to 1964, into launchers of heavy ICBMs of types deployed after that time.
4. Each Party undertakes in the process of modernization and replacement of ICBM silo
launchers not to increase the original internal volume of an ICBM silo launcher by more than
thirty-two percent. Within this limit each Party has the right to determine whether such an
increase will be made through an increase in the original diameter or in the original depth of an
ICBM silo launcher, or in both of these dimensions.
Agreed Statement. The word "original" in paragraph 4 of Article IV of the Treaty refers to
the
internal dimensions of an ICBM silo launcher, including its internal volume, as of May 26, 1972,
or as of the date on which such launcher becomes operational, whichever is later.
Common Understanding. The obligations provided for in paragraph 4 of Article IV of the
Treaty and in the Agreed Statement thereto mean that the original diameter or the original depth
of an ICBM silo launcher may not be increased by an amount greater than that which would
result in an increase in the original internal volume of the ICBM silo launcher by thirty-two
percent solely through an increase in one of these dimensions.
5. Each Party undertakes:
(a) not to supply ICBM launcher deployment areas with intercontinental ballistic missiles in
excess of a number consistent with normal deployment, maintenance, training, and replacement
requirements;
(b) not to provide storage facilities for or to store ICBMs in excess of normal deployment
requirements at launch sites of ICBM launchers;
(c) not to develop, test, or deploy systems for rapid reload of ICBM launchers.
Agreed Statement. The term "normal deployment requirements," as used in paragraph 5
of
Article IV of the Treaty, means the deployment of one missile at each ICBM launcher.
6. Subject to the provisions of this Treaty, each Party undertakes not to have under
construction at any time strategic offensive arms referred to in paragraph 1 of Article III in
excess of numbers consistent with a normal construction schedule.
Common Understanding. A normal construction schedule, in paragraph 6 of Article IV
of
the Treaty, is understood to be one consistent with the past or present construction practices of
each Party.
7. Each Party undertakes not to develop, test, or deploy ICBMs which have a launch-weight
greater or a throw-weight greater than that of the heaviest, in terms of either launch-weight or
throw-weight, respectively, of the heavy ICBMs deployed by either Party as of the date of
signature of this Treaty.
First Agreed Statement. The launch-weight of an ICBM is the weight of the fully loaded
missile itself at the time of launch.
Second Agreed Statement. The throw-weight of an ICBM is the sum of the weight of:
(a) its reentry vehicle or reentry vehicles;
(b) any self-contained dispensing mechanisms or other appropriate devices for targeting
one
reentry vehicle, or for releasing or for dispensing and targeting two or more reentry vehicles; and
(c) its penetration aids, including devices for their release.
Common Understanding. The term "other appropriate devices," as used in the definition of
the
throw-weight of an ICBM in the Second Agreed Statement to paragraph 7 of Article IV of the
Treaty, means any devices for dispensing and targeting two or more reentry vehicles; and any
devices for releasing two or more reentry vehicles or for targeting one reentry vehicle, which
cannot provide their reentry vehicles or reentry vehicle with additional velocity or more than
1,000 meters per second.
8. Each Party undertakes not to convert land-based launchers of ballistic missiles which
are
not ICBMs into launchers for launching ICBMs, and not to test them for this purpose.
Common Understanding. During the term of the Treaty, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics will not produce, test, or deploy ICBMs of the type designated by the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics as the RS-14 and known to the United States of America as the SS-16, a light
ICBM first flight-tested after 1970 and flight-tested only with a single reentry vehicle; this
Common Understanding also means that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics will not
produce the third stage of that missile, the reentry vehicle of that missile, or the appropriate
device for targeting the reentry vehicle of that missile.
9. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test or deploy new types of ICBMs, that is, types of
ICBMs not flight-tested as of May 1, 1979, except that each Party may flight-test and deploy one
new type of light ICBM.
First Agreed Statement. The term "new types of ICBMs," as used in paragraph 9 of Article
IV
of the Treaty, refers to any ICBM which is different from those ICBMs flight-tested as of May 1,
1979 in any one or more of the following respects:
(a) the number of stages, the length, the largest diameter, the launch-weight, or the
throw-weight, of the missile;
(b) the type of propellant (that is, liquid or solid) of any of its stages.
First Common Understanding. As used in the First Agreed Statement to paragraph 9 of
Article
IV of the Treaty, the term "different," referring to the length, the diameter, the launch-weight,
and the throw-weight of the missile, means a difference in excess of five percent.
Second Agreed Statement. Every ICBM of the one new type of light ICBM permitted to
each
Party pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article IV of the Treaty shall have the same number of stages
and the same type of propellant (that is, liquid or solid) of each stage as the first ICBM of the one
new type of light ICBM launched by that Party. In addition, after the twenty-fifth launch of an
ICBM of that type, or after the last launch before deployment begins of ICBMs of that type,
whichever occurs earlier, ICBMs of the one new type of light ICBM permitted to that Party shall
not be different in any one or more of the following respects: the length, the largest diameter, the
launch-weight, or the throw-weight, of the missile.
A Party which launches ICBMs of the one new type of light ICBM permitted pursuant to
paragraph 9 of Article IV of the Treaty shall promptly notify the other Party of the date of the
first launch and of the date of either the twenty-fifth or the last launch before deployment begins
of ICBMs of that type, whichever occurs earlier.
Second Common Understanding. As used in the Second Agreed Statement to paragraph
9 of
Article IV of the Treaty, the term "different," referring to the length, the diameter, the
launch-weight, and the throw-weight, of the missile, means a difference in excess of five percent
from the value established for each of the above parameters as of the twenty-fifth launch or as of
the last launch before deployment begins, whichever occurs earlier. The values demonstrated in
each of the above parameters during the last twelve of the twenty-five launches or during the last
twelve launches before deployment begins, whichever twelve launches occur earlier, shall not
vary by more than ten percent from any other of the corresponding values demonstrated during
those twelve launches.
Third Common Understanding. The limitations with respect to launch-weight and
throw-weight, provided for in the First Agreed Statement and the First Common Understanding
to paragraph 9 of Article IV of the Treaty, do not preclude the flight-testing or the deployment of
ICBMs with fewer reentry vehicles, or fewer penetration aids, or both, than the maximum
number of reentry vehicles and the maximum number of penetration aids with which ICBMs of
that type have been flight-tested as of May 1, 1979, even if this results in a decrease in
launch-weight or in throw-weight in excess of five percent.
In addition to the aforementioned cases, those limitations do not preclude a decrease in
launch-weight or in throw-weight in excess of five percent, in the case of the flight-testing or the
deployment of ICBMs with a lesser quantity of propellant, including the propellant of a
self-contained dispensing mechanism or other appropriate device, than the maximum quantity of
propellant, including the propellant of a self-contained dispensing mechanism or other
appropriate device, with which ICBMs of that type have been flight-tested as of May 1, 1979,
provided that such an ICBM is at the same time flight-tested or deployed with fewer reentry
vehicles, or fewer penetration aids, or both, than the maximum number of reentry vehicles and
the maximum number of penetration aids with which ICBMs of that type have been flight-tested
as of May 1, 1979, and the decrease in launch-weight and throw-weight in such cases results only
from the reduction in the number of reentry vehicles, or penetration aids, or both, and the
reduction in the quantity of propellant.
Fourth Common Understanding. The limitations with respect to launch-weight and
throw-weight, provided for in the Second Agreed Statement and the Second Common
Understanding to paragraph 9 of Article IV of the Treaty, do not preclude the flight-testing or the
deployment of ICBMs of the one new type of light ICBM permitted to each Party pursuant to
paragraph 9 of Article IV of the Treaty with fewer reentry vehicles, or fewer penetration aids, or
both, than the maximum number of reentry vehicles and the maximum number of penetration
aids with which ICBMs of that type have been flight-tested, even if this results in a decrease in
launch-weight or in throw-weight in excess of five percent.
In addition to the aforementioned cases, those limitations do not preclude a decrease in
launch-weight or in throw-weight in excess of five percent, in the case of the flight-testing or the
deployment of ICBMs of that type with a lesser quantity of propellant, including the propellant
of a self-contained dispensing mechanism or other appropriate device, than the maximum
quantity of propellant, including the propellant of a self-contained dispensing mechanism or
other appropriate device, with which ICBMs of that type have been flight-tested, provided that
such an ICBM is at the same time flight-tested or deployed with fewer reentry vehicles, or fewer
penetration aids, or both, than the maximum number of reentry vehicles and the maximum
number of penetration aids with which ICBMs of that type have been flight-tested, and the
decrease in launch-weight and throw-weight in such cases results only from the reduction in the
number of reentry vehicles, or penetration aids, or both, and the reduction in the quantity of
propellant.
10. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test or deploy ICBMs of a type flight-tested as of
May
1, 1979 with a number of reentry vehicles greater than the maximum number of reentry vehicles
with which an ICBM of that type has been flight-tested as of that date.
First Agreed Statement. The following types of ICBMs and SLBMs equipped with MIRVs
have been flight-tested with the maximum number of reentry vehicles set forth below:
For the United States of America
ICBMs of the Minuteman III type -- Seven reentry vehicles;
SLBMs of the Poseidon C-3 type -- Fourteen reentry vehicles;
SLBMs of the Trident C-4 type -- Seven reentry vehicles.
For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
ICBMs of the RS-16 type -- Four reentry vehicles;
ICBMs of the RS-18 type -- Six reentry vehicles;
ICBMs of the RS-20 type -- Ten reentry vehicles;
SLBMs of the RSM-50 type -- Seven reentry vehicles.
Common Understanding. Minuteman III ICBMs of the United States of America have been
deployed with no more than three reentry vehicles. During the term of the Treaty, the United
States of America has no plans to and will not flight-test or deploy missiles of this type with
more than three reentry vehicles.
Second Agreed Statement. During the flight-testing of any ICBM, SLBM, or ASBM after
May
1, 1979, the number of procedures for releasing or for dispensing may not exceed the maximum
number of reentry vehicles established for missiles of corresponding types as provided for in
paragraphs 10, 11, 12, and 13 of Article IV of the Treaty. In this Agreed Statement "procedures
for releasing or for dispensing" are understood to mean maneuvers of a missile associated with
targeting and releasing or dispensing its reentry vehicles to aim points, whether or not a reentry
vehicle is actually released or dispensed. Procedures for releasing anti-missile defense
penetration aids will not be considered to be procedures for releasing or for dispensing a reentry
vehicle so long as the procedures for releasing anti-missile defense penetration aids differ from
those for releasing or for dispensing reentry vehicles.
Third Agreed Statement. Each Party undertakes:
(a) not to flight-test or deploy ICBMs equipped with multiple reentry vehicles, of a type
flight-tested as of May 1, 1979, with reentry vehicles the weight of any of which is less than the
weight of the lightest of those reentry vehicles with which an ICBM of that type has been
flight-tested as of that date;
(b) not to flight-test or deploy ICBMs equipped with a single reentry vehicle and without an
appropriate device for targeting a reentry vehicle, of a type flight-tested as of May 1, 1979, with
a reentry vehicle the weight of which is less than the weight of the lightest reentry vehicle on an
ICBM of a type equipped with MIRVs and flight-tested by that Party as of May 1, 1979; and
(c) not to flight-test or deploy ICBMs equipped with a single reentry vehicle and with an
appropriate device for targeting a reentry vehicle, of a type flight-tested as of May 1, 1979, with
a reentry vehicle the weight of which is less than fifty percent of the throw-weight of that ICBM.
11. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test or deploy ICBMs of the one new type permitted
pursuant to paragraph 9 of this Article with a number of reentry vehicles greater than the
maximum number of reentry vehicles with which an ICBM of either Party has been flight-tested
as of May 1, 1979, that is, ten.
First Agreed Statement. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test or deploy the one new
type of
light ICBM permitted to each Party pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article IV of the Treaty with a
number of reentry vehicles greater than the maximum number of reentry vehicles with which an
ICBM of that type has been flight-tested as of the twenty-fifth launch or the last launch before
deployment begins of ICBMs of that type, whichever occurs earlier.
Second Agreed Statement. During the flight-testing of any ICBM, SLBM, or ASBM after
May
1, 1979 the number of procedures for releasing or for dispensing may not exceed the maximum
number of reentry vehicles established for missiles of corresponding types as provided for in
paragraphs 10, 11, 12, and 13 of Article IV of the Treaty. In this Agreed Statement "procedures
for releasing or for dispensing" are understood to mean maneuvers of a missile associated with
targeting and releasing or dispensing its reentry vehicles to aim points, whether or not a reentry
vehicle is actually released or dispensed. Procedures for releasing anti-missile defense
penetration aids will not be considered to be procedures for releasing or for dispensing a reentry
vehicle so long as the procedures for releasing anti-missile defense penetration aids differ from
those for releasing or for dispensing reentry vehicles.
12. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test or deploy SLBMs with a number of reentry
vehicles greater than the maximum number of reentry vehicles with which an SLBM of either
Party has been flight-tested as of May 1, 1979, that is, fourteen.
First Agreed Statement. The following types of ICBMs and SLBMs equipped with MIRVs
have been flight-tested with the maximum number of reentry vehicles set forth below:
For the United States of America
ICBMs of the Minuteman III type -- Seven reentry vehicles;
SLBMs of the Poseidon C-3 type -- Fourteen reentry vehicles;
SLBMs of the Trident C-4 type -- Seven reentry vehicles.
For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
ICBMs of the RS-16 type -- Four reentry vehicles;
ICBMs of the RS-18 type -- Six reentry vehicles;
ICBMs of the RS-20 type -- Ten reentry vehicles;
SLBMs of the RSM-50 type -- Seven reentry vehicles.
Second Agreed Statement. During the flight-testing of any ICBM, SLBM, or ASBM after
May
1, 1979 the number of procedures for releasing or for dispensing may not exceed the maximum
number of reentry vehicles established for missiles of corresponding types as provided for in
paragraphs 10, 11, 12, and 13 of Article IV of the Treaty. In this Agreed Statement "procedures
for releasing or dispensing" are understood to mean maneuvers of a missile associated with
targeting and releasing or dispensing its reentry vehicles to aim points, whether or not a reentry
vehicle is actually released or dispensed. Procedures for releasing anti-missile defense
penetration aids will not be considered to be procedures for releasing or for dispensing a reentry
vehicle so long as the procedures for releasing anti-missile defense penetration aids differ from
those for releasing or for dispensing reentry vehicles.
13. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test or deploy ASBMs with a number of reentry
vehicles greater than the maximum number of reentry vehicles with which an ICBM of either
Party has been flight-tested as of May 1, 1979, that is, ten.
Agreed Statement. During the flight-testing of any ICBM, SLBM, or ASBM after May 1,
1979 the number of procedures for releasing or for dispensing may not exceed the maximum
number of reentry vehicles established for missiles of corresponding types as provided for in
paragraphs 10, 11, 12, and 13 of Article IV of the Treaty. In this Agreed Statement "procedures
for releasing or for dispensing" are understood to mean maneuvers of a missile associated with
targeting and releasing or dispensing its reentry vehicles to aim points, whether or not a reentry
vehicle is actually released or dispensed. Procedures for releasing anti-missile defense
penetration aids will not be considered to be procedures for releasing or for dispensing a reentry
vehicle so long as the procedures for releasing anti-missile defense penetration aids differ from
those for releasing or for dispensing reentry vehicles.
14. Each Party undertakes not to deploy at any one time on heavy bombers equipped for
cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers a number of such cruise missiles
which exceeds the product of 28 and the number of such heavy bombers.
First Agreed Statement. For the purposes of the limitation provided for in paragraph 14 of
Article IV of the Treaty, there shall be considered to be deployed on each heavy bomber of a type
equipped for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers the maximum number
of such missiles for which any bomber of that type is equipped for one operational mission.
Second Agreed Statement. During the term of the Treaty no bomber of the B-52 or B-1
types of
the United States of America and no bomber of the Tupolev-95 or Myasishchev types of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics will be equipped for more than twenty cruise missiles
capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers.
Article V
1. Within the aggregate numbers provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article III, each
Party
undertakes to limit launchers of ICBMs and SLBMs equipped with MIRVs, ASBMs equipped
with MIRVs, and heavy bombers equipped for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600
kilometers to an aggregate number not to exceed 1,320,455.
2. Within the aggregate number provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article, each Party undertakes
to limit launchers of ICBMs and SLBMs equipped with MIRVs, and ASBMs equipped with
MIRVs to an aggregate number not to exceed 1,200.
3. Within the aggregate number provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article, each Party
undertakes to limit launchers of ICBMs equipped with MIRVs to an aggregate number not to
exceed 820.
4. For each bomber of a type equipped for ASBMs equipped with MIRVs, the aggregate
numbers provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall include the maximum number of
ASBMs for which a bomber of that type is equipped for one operational mission.
Agreed Statement. If a bomber is equipped for ASBMs equipped with MIRVs, all bombers
of
that type shall be considered to be equipped for ASBMs equipped with MIRVs.
5. Within the aggregate numbers provided for in paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 of this Article and
subject to the provisions of this Treaty, each Party has the right to determine the composition of
these aggregates.
Article VI
1. The limitations provided for in this Treaty shall apply to those arms which are:
(a) operational;
(b) in the final stage of construction;
(c) in reserve, in storage, or mothballed;
(d) undergoing overhaul, repair, modernization, or conversion.
2. Those arms in the final stage of construction are:
(a) SLBM launchers on submarines which have begun sea trials;
(b) ASBMs after a bomber of a type equipped for such missiles has been brought out of
the
shop, plant, or other facility where its final assembly or conversion for the purpose of equipping
it for such missiles has been performed;
(c) other strategic offensive arms which are finally assembled in a shop, plant, or other
facility after they have been brought out of the shop, plant, or other facility where their final
assembly has been performed.
3. ICBM and SLBM launchers of a type not subject to the limitation provided for in Article
V, which undergo conversion into launchers of a type subject to that limitation, shall become
subject to that limitation as follows:
(a) fixed ICBM launchers when work on their conversion reaches the stage which first
definitely indicates that they are being so converted;
(b) SLBM launchers on a submarine when that submarine first goes to sea after their
conversion has been performed.
Agreed Statement. The procedures referred to in paragraph 7 of Article VI of the Treaty
shall
include procedures determining the manner in which mobile ICBM launchers of a type not
subject to the limitation provided for in Article V of the Treaty, which undergo conversion into
launchers of a type subject to that limitation, shall become subject to that limitation, unless the
Parties agree that mobile ICBM launchers shall not be deployed after the date on which the
Protocol ceases to be in force.
4. ASBMs on a bomber which undergoes conversion from a bomber of a type equipped for
ASBMs which are not subject to the limitation provided for in Article V into a bomber of a type
equipped for ASBMs which are subject to that limitation shall become subject to that limitation
when the bomber is brought out of the shop, plant, or other facility where such conversion has
been performed.
5. A heavy bomber of a type not subject to the limitation provided for in paragraph 1 of
Article V shall become subject to that limitation when it is brought out of the shop, plant, or
other facility where it has been converted into a heavy bomber of a type equipped for cruise
missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers. A bomber of a type not subject to the
limitation provided for in paragraph 1 or 2 of Article III shall become subject to that limitation
and to the limitation provided for in paragraph 1 of Article V when it is brought out of the shop,
plant, or other facility where it has been converted into a bomber of a type equipped for cruise
missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers.
6. The arms subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty shall continue to be subject
to these limitations until they are dismantled, are destroyed, or otherwise cease to be subject to
these limitations under procedures to be agreed upon.
Agreed Statement. The procedures for removal of strategic offensive arms from the
aggregate
numbers provided for in the Treaty, which are referred to in paragraph 6 of Article VI of the
Treaty, and which are to be agreed upon in the Standing Consultative Commission, shall
include:
(a) procedures for removal from the aggregate numbers, provided for in Article V of the
Treaty, of ICBM and SLBM launchers which are being converted from launchers of a type
subject to the limitation provided for in Article V of the Treaty, into launchers of a type not
subject to that limitation;
(b) procedures for removal from the aggregate numbers, provided for in Articles III and V
of
the Treaty, of bombers which are being converted from bombers of a type subject to the
limitations provided for in Article III of the Treaty or in Articles III and V of the Treaty into
airplanes or bombers of a type not so subject.
Common Understanding. The procedures referred to in subparagraph (b) of the Agreed
Statement to paragraph 6 of Article VI of the Treaty for removal of bombers from the aggregate
numbers provided for in Articles III and V of the Treaty shall be based upon the existence of
functionally related observable differences which indicate whether or not they can perform the
mission of a heavy bomber, or whether or not they can perform the mission of a bomber
equipped for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers.
7. In accordance with the provisions of Article XVII, the Parties will agree in the Standing
Consultative Commission upon procedures to implement the provisions of this Article.
Article VII
1. The limitations provided for in Article III shall not apply to ICBM and SLBM test and
training launchers or to space vehicle launchers for exploration and use of outer space. ICBM
and SLBM test and training launchers are ICBM and SLBM launchers used only for testing or
training.
Common Understanding. The term "testing," as used in Article VII of the Treaty, includes
research and development.
2. The Parties agree that:
(a) there shall be no significant increase in the number of ICBM or SLBM test and training
launchers or in the number of such launchers of heavy ICBMs;
(b) construction or conversion of ICBM launchers at test ranges shall be undertaken
onlyfor
purposes of testing and training;
(c) there shall be no conversion of ICBM test and training launchers or of space vehicle
launchers into ICBM launchers subject to the limitations provided for in Article III.
First Agreed Statement. The term "significant increase," as used in subparagraph 2(a) of
Article
VII of the Treaty, means an increase of fifteen percent or more. Any new ICBM test and training
launchers which replace ICBM test and training launchers at test ranges will be located only at
test ranges.
Second Agreed Statement. Current test ranges where ICBMs are tested are located: for
the
United States of America, near Santa Maria, California, and at Cape Canaveral, Florida; and for
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, in the areas of Tyura-Tam and Plesetskaya. In the future,
each Party shall provide notification in the Standing Consultative Commission of the location of
any other test range used by that Party to test ICBMs.
First Common Understanding. At test ranges where ICBMs are tested, other arms,
including
those not limited by the Treaty, may also be tested.
Second Common Understanding. Of the eighteen launchers of fractional orbital missiles at
the
test range where ICBMs are tested in the area of Tyura-Tam, twelve launchers shall be
dismantled or destroyed and six launchers may be converted to launchers for testing missiles
undergoing modernization.
Dismantling or destruction of the twelve launchers shall begin upon entry into force of the
Treaty and shall be completed within eight months, under procedures for dismantling or
destruction of these launchers to be agreed upon in the Standing Consultative Commission.
These twelve launchers shall not be replaced.
Conversion of the six launchers may be carried out after entry into force of the Treaty. After
entry into force of the Treaty, fractional orbital missiles shall be removed and shall be destroyed
pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph 1(c) of Article IX and of Article XI of the Treaty and
shall not be replaced by other missiles, except in the case of conversion of these six launchers for
testing missiles undergoing modernization. After removal of the fractional orbital missiles, and
prior to such conversion, any activities associated with these launchers shall be limited to normal
maintenance requirements for launchers in which missiles are not deployed. These six launchers
shall be subject to the provisions of Article VII of the Treaty and, if converted, to the provisions
of the Fifth Common Understanding to paragraph 5 of Article II of the Treaty.
Article VIII
1. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of
600
kilometers or ASBMs from aircraft other than bombers or to convert such aircraft into aircraft
equipped for such missiles.
Agreed Statement. For purposes of testing only, each Party has the right, through initial
construction or, as an exception to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article VIII of the Treaty, by
conversion, to equip for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers or for
ASBMs no more than sixteen airplanes, including airplanes which are prototypes of bombers
equipped for such missiles. Each Party also has the right, as an exception to the provisions of
paragraph 1 of Article VIII of the Treaty, to flight-test from such airplanes cruise missiles
capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers and, after the date on which the Protocol ceases to
be in force, to flight-test ASBMs from such airplanes as well, unless the Parties agree that they
will not flight-test ASBMs after that date. The limitations provided for in Article III of the Treaty
shall not apply to such airplanes. The aforementioned airplanes may include
only:
(a) airplanes other than bombers which, as an exception to the provisions of paragraph 1 of
Article VIII of the Treaty, have been converted into airplanes equipped for cruise missiles
capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers or for ASBMs;
(b) airplanes considered to be heavy bombers pursuant to subparagraph 3(c) or 3(d) of
Article
II of the Treaty; and
(c) airplanes other than heavy bombers which, prior to March 7, 1979, were used for
testing
cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers.
The airplanes referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this Agreed Statement shall be
distinguishable on the basis of functionally related observable differences from airplanes which
otherwise would be of the same type but cannot perform the mission of a bomber equipped for
cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers or for ASBMs.
The airplanes referred to in subparagraph (c) of this Agreed Statement shall not be used
for
testing cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers after the expiration of a
six-month period from the date of entry into force of the Treaty, unless by the expiration of that
period they are distinguishable on the basis of functionally related observable differences from
airplanes which otherwise would be of the same type but cannot perform the mission of a bomber
equipped for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers.
First Common Understanding. The term "testing," as used in the Agreed Statement to
paragraph 1 of Article VIII of the Treaty, includes research and development.
Second Common Understanding. The Parties shall notify each other in the Standing
Consultative Commission of the number of airplanes, according to type, used for testing pursuant
to the Agreed Statement to paragraph 1 of Article VIII of the Treaty. Such notification shall be
provided at the first regular session of the Standing Consultative Commission held after an
airplane has been used for such testing.
Third Common Understanding. None of the sixteen airplanes referred to in the Agreed
Statement to paragraph 1 of Article VIII of the Treaty may be replaced, except in the event of the
involuntary destruction of any such airplane or in the case of the dismantling or destruction of
any such airplane. The procedures for such replacement and for removal of any such airplane
from that number, in case of its conversion, shall be agreed upon in the Standing Consultative
Commission.
2. Each Party undertakes not to convert aircraft other than bombers into aircraft which can
carry out the mission of a heavy bomber as referred to in subparagraph 3(b) of Article II.
Article IX
1. Each Party undertakes not to develop, test, or deploy:
(a) ballistic missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers for installation on
waterborne vehicles other than submarines, or launchers of such missiles;
Common Understanding to subparagraph (a). The obligations provided for in
subparagraph
1(a) of Article IX of the Treaty do not affect current practices for transporting ballistic missiles.
(b) fixed ballistic or cruise missile launchers for emplacement on the ocean floor, on the
seabed, or on the beds of internal waters and inland waters, or in the subsoil thereof, or mobile
launchers of such missiles, which move only in contact with the ocean floor, the seabed, or the
beds of internal waters and inland waters, or missiles for such launchers;
Agreed Statement to subparagraph (b). The obligations provided for in subparagraph 1(b)
of
Article IX of the Treaty shall apply to all areas of the ocean floor and the seabed, including the
seabed zone referred to in Articles I and II of the 1971 Treaty on the Prohibition of the
Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and
the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof.
(c) systems for placing into Earth orbit nuclear weapons or any other kind of weapons of
mass destruction, including fractional orbital missiles;
Common Understanding to subparagraph (c). The provisions of subparagraph 1(c) of
Article
IX of the Treaty do not require the dismantling or destruction of any existing launchers of either
Party.
(d) mobile launchers of heavy ICBMs;
(e) SLBMs which have a launch-weight greater or a throw-weight greater than that of the
heaviest, in terms of either launch-weight or throw-weight, respectively, of the light ICBMs
deployed by either Party as of the date of signature of this Treaty, or launchers of such SLBMs;
or
(f) ASBMs which have a launch-weight greater or a throw-weight greater than that of the
heaviest, in terms of either launch-weight or throw-weight, respectively, of the light ICBMs
deployed by either Party as of the date of signature of this Treaty.
First Agreed Statement to subparagraphs (e) and (f). The launch-weight of an SLBM or of
an
ASBM is the weight of the fully loaded missile itself at the time of launch.
Second Agreed Statement to subparagraphs (e) and (f). The throw-weight of an SLBM or
of
an ASBM is the sum of the weight of:
(a) its reentry vehicle or reentry vehicles;
(b) any self-contained dispensing mechanisms or other appropriate devices for targeting
one
reentry vehicle, or for releasing or for dispensing and targeting two or more reentry vehicles;
and
(c) its penetration aids, including devices for their release.
Common Understanding to subparagraphs (e) and (f). The term "other appropriate
devices,"
as used in the definition of the throw-weight of an SLBM or of an ASBM in the Second Agreed
Statement to subparagraphs 1(e) and (f) of Article IX of the Treaty, means any devices for
dispensing and targeting two or more reentry vehicles; and any devices for releasing two or more
reentry vehicles or for targeting one reentry vehicle, which cannot provide their reentry vehicles
or reentry vehicle with additional velocity of more than 1,000 meters per second.
2. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test from aircraft cruise missiles capable of a range
in
excess of 600 kilometers which are equipped with multiple independently targetable warheads
and not to deploy such cruise missiles on aircraft.
Agreed Statement. Warheads of a cruise missile are independently targetable if
maneuvering or
targeting of the warheads to separate aim points along ballistic trajectories or any other flight
paths, which are unrelated to each other, is accomplished during a flight of a cruise missile.
Article X
Subject to the provisions of this Treaty, modernization and replacement of strategic
offensive
arms may be carried out.
Article XI
1. Strategic offensive arms which would be in excess of the aggregate numbers provided
for
in this Treaty as well as strategic offensive arms prohibited by this Treaty shall be dismantled or
destroyed under procedures to be agreed upon in the Standing Consultative Commission.
2. Dismantling or destruction of strategic offensive arms which would be in excess of the
aggregate number provided for in paragraph 1 of Article III shall begin on the date of the entry
into force of this Treaty and shall be completed within the following periods from that date: four
months for ICBM launchers; six months for SLBM launchers; and three months for heavy
bombers.
3. Dismantling or destruction of strategic offensive arms which would be in excess of the
aggregate number provided for in paragraph 2 of Article III shall be initiated no later than
January 1, 1981, shall be carried out throughout the ensuing twelve-month period, and shall be
completed no later than December 31, 1981.
4. Dismantling or destruction of strategic offensive arms prohibited by this Treaty shall be
completed within the shortest possible agreed period of time, but not later than six months after
the entry into force of this Treaty.
Article XII
In order to ensure the viability and effectiveness of this Treaty, each Party undertakes not
to
circumvent the provisions of this Treaty, through any other state or states, or in any other
manner.
Article XIII
Each Party undertakes not to assume any international obligations which would conflict
with
this Treaty.
Article XIV
The Parties undertake to begin, promptly after the entry into force of this Treaty, active
negotiations with the objective of achieving, as soon as possible, agreement on further measures
for the limitation and reduction of strategic arms. It is also the objective of the Parties to
conclude well in advance of 1985 an agreement limiting strategic offensive arms to replace this
Treaty upon its expiration.
Article XV
1. For the purpose of providing assurance of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty,
each Party shall use national technical means of verification at its disposal in a manner consistent
with generally recognized principles of international law.
2. Each party undertakes not to interfere with the national technical means of verification of
the other Party operating in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article.
3. Each Party undertakes not to use deliberate concealment measures which impede
verification by national technical means of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty. This
obligation shall not require changes in current construction, assembly, conversion, or overhaul
practices.
First Agreed Statement. Deliberate concealment measures, as referred to in paragraph 3
of
Article XV of the Treaty, are measures carried out deliberately to hinder or deliberately to
impede verification by national technical means of compliance with the provisions of the Treaty.
Second Agreed Statement. The obligation not to use deliberate concealment measures,
provided
for in paragraph 3 of Article XV of the Treaty, does not preclude the testing of anti-missile
defense penetration aids.
First Common Understanding. The provisions of paragraph 3 of Article XV of the Treaty
and
the First Agreed Statement thereto apply to all provisions of the Treaty, including provisions
associated with testing. In this connection, the obligation not to use deliberate concealment
measures associated with testing, including those measures aimed at concealing the association
between ICBMs and launchers during testing.
Second Common Understanding. Each Party is free to use various methods of transmitting
telemetric information during testing, including its encryption, except that, in accordance with
the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article XV of the Treaty, neither Party shall engage in deliberate
denial of telemetric information, such as through the use of telemetry encryption, whenever such
denial impedes verification of compliance with the provisions of the Treaty.
Third Common Understanding. In addition to the obligations provided for in paragraph 3 of
Article XV of the Treaty, no shelters which impede verification by national technical means of
compliance with the provisions of the Treaty shall be used over ICBM silo launchers.
Article XVI
1. Each Party undertakes, before conducting each planned ICBM launch, to notify the other
Party well in advance on a case-by-case basis that such a launch will occur, except for single
ICBM launches from test ranges or from ICBM launcher deployment areas, which are not
planned to extend beyond its national territory.
First Common Understanding. ICBM launches to which the obligations provided for in
Article
XVI of the Treaty apply, include, among others, those ICBM launches for which advance
notification is required pursuant to the provisions of the Agreement on Measures to Reduce the
Risk of Outbreak of Nuclear War Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics, signed September 30, 1971, and the Agreement Between the Government of
the United States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on
the Prevention of Incidents On and Over the High Seas, signed May 25, 1972. Nothing in Article
XVI of the Treaty is intended to inhibit advance notification, on a voluntary basis, of any ICBM
launches not subject to its provisions, the advance notification of which would enhance
confidence between the Parties.
Second Common Understanding. A multiple ICBM launch conducted by a Party, as distinct
from single ICBM launches referred to in Article XVI of the Treaty, is a launch which would
result in two or more of its ICBMs being in flight at the same time.
Third Common Understanding. The test ranges referred to in Article XVI of the Treaty are
those covered by the Second Agreed Statement to paragraph 2 of Article VII of the Treaty.
2. The Parties shall agree in the Standing Consultative Commission upon procedures to
implement the provisions of this Article.
Article XVII
1. To promote the objectives and implementation of the provisions of this Treaty, the
Parties
shall use the Standing Consultative Commission established by the Memorandum of
Understanding Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Regarding the Establishment of a Standing Consultative
Commission of December 21, 1972.
2. Within the framework of the Standing Consultative Commission, with respect to this
Treaty, the Parties will:
(a) consider questions concerning compliance with the obligations assumed and related
situations which may be considered ambiguous;
(b) provide on a voluntary basis such information as either Party considers necessary to
assure confidence in compliance with the obligations assumed;
(c) consider questions involving unintended interference with national technical means of
verification, and questions involving unintended impeding of verification by national technical
means of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty;
(d) consider possible changes in the strategic situation which have a bearing on the
provisions
of this Treaty;
(e) agree upon procedures for replacement, conversion, and dismantling or destruction, of
strategic offensive arms in cases provided for in the provisions of this Treaty and upon
procedures for removal of such arms from the aggregate numbers when they otherwise cease to
be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty, and at regular sessions of the Standing
Consultative Commission, notify each other in accordance with the aforementioned procedures,
at least twice annually, of actions completed and those in process;
(f) consider, as appropriate, possible proposals for further increasing the viability of this
Treaty, including proposals for amendments in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty;
(g) consider, as appropriate, proposals for further measures limiting strategic offensive
arms.
3. In the Standing Consultative Commission the Parties shall maintain by category the
agreed
data base on the numbers of strategic offensive arms established by the Memorandum of
Understanding Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics Regarding the Establishment of a Data Base on the Numbers of Strategic Offensive
Arms of June 18, 1979.
Agreed Statement. In order to maintain the agreed data base on the numbers of strategic
offensive arms subject to the limitations provided for in the Treaty in accordance with paragraph
3 of Article XVII of the Treaty, at each regular session of the Standing Consultative Commission
the Parties will notify each other of and consider changes in those numbers in the following
categories: launchers of ICBMs; fixed launchers of ICBMs; launchers of ICBMs equipped with
MIRVs; launchers of SLBMs; launchers of SLBMs equipped with MIRVs; heavy bombers;
heavy bombers equipped for cruise missiles capable of a range in excess of 600 kilometers;
heavy bombers equipped only for ASBMs; ASBMs; and ASBMs equipped with MIRVs.
Article XVIII
Each Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. Agreed amendments shall enter into
force in accordance with the procedures governing the entry into force of this Treaty.
Article XIX
1. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification in accordance with the constitutional
procedures
of each Party. This Treaty shall enter into force on the day of the exchange of instruments of
ratification and shall remain in force through December 31, 1985, unless replaced earlier by an
agreement further limiting strategic offensive arms.
2. This Treaty shall be registered pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United
Nations.
3. Each Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the right to withdraw from
this Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events related to the subject matter of this Treaty have
jeopardized its supreme interests. It shall give notice of its decision to the other Party six months
prior to withdrawal from the Treaty. Such notice shall include a statement of the extraordinary
events the notifying Party regards as having jeopardized its supreme interests.
DONE at Vienna on June 18, 1979, in two copies, each in the English and Russian
languages, both texts being equally authentic.
FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
JIMMY CARTER
President of the United States of America
FOR THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS:
L. BREZHNEV
General Secretary of the CPSU, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR
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